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What happens during anaphase 1and 2?
Anaphase 1: 1. Breakdown of proteins responsible for sister chromatid cohesion along chromatid arms allows homologs to separate. 2. The homologs move toward opposite poles, guided by the spindle apparatus. 3. Sister chromatid cohesion persists at the centromere, causing chromatids to move as a unit towards the same pole. At anaphase 1 of meiosis, the replicated chromosomes of each homologous pair move toward opposite poles, but the sister chromatids of each replicated chromosome remain attached. In anaphase of mitosis, by contrast, sister chromatids separate. Reference Cambell et al. Biology (8th Ed) 2008. Benjamin Cummings. pg 254-257
How is antaphase 2 in meiosis similar to anaphase in mitosis?
The centrioles move apart to opposite ends of the cell, the chromosomes become attached to the fiber connected to centrioles pulling the chromatids apart; when this is over all the chromatids line up.
How does prophase you of meiosis differ from prophase of mitosis?
a. chromatids do not separate at the centromere in anaphase I. b. centromeres do not exist in anaphase I. c. crossing-over occurs only in anaphase of miitosis
Each chromosome of a eukaryotic cell consists of a pair of identical structures called?
Each chromosome of a eukaryotic cell consists of a pair of identical structures called sister chromatids, which are joined together at a region called the centromere. Sister chromatids are produced during DNA replication and are separated during cell division to ensure each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes.
Why are chromosomes pairs of DNA?
When chromosomes are visible, they exist as replicated DNA, so each chromosome consists of two identical sister chromatids, which will be separated during mitosis to form two new identical daughter nuclei.
Suppose that disjunction did not occur in one homologus pair of chromosomes during anaphase 1. How would this affect the chromosome number in the daughter cells?
the chromosome number would vary in daughter cells because disjunction involves the separation of the duplicated chromosomes. disjunction is the whole process occurring in anaphase, so it would be as if anaphase didn't exist. cells would go straight from duplicating chromosomes to splitting. chromosome numbers in daughter cells would therefore be uneven and random because of the cell just splitting in half and whatever chromosomes being in the daughter cell being there
How is the fidelity of meiosis is ensured?
Fidelity in meiosis is ensured through various mechanisms, such as the pairing of homologous chromosomes during prophase I, the crossover of genetic material between homologous chromosomes, and the alignment of chromosomes on the metaphase plate during metaphase I. Additionally, checkpoints exist to monitor the process and ensure accurate chromosome segregation during anaphase I and anaphase II.
Third stage of mitosis?
The third stage of mitosis is called metaphase. During metaphase, the duplicated chromosomes line up along the center of the cell and become attached to the mitotic spindle fibers. This alignment ensures that each daughter cell will receive the correct number of chromosomes during cell division.
Does the DNA exist as a single chromosome in the given organism?
No, DNA does not exist as a single chromosome in most organisms. Instead, DNA is typically organized into multiple chromosomes within the nucleus of a cell.
After replication how many chromosomes exist?
46 duplicated chromosomes. humans have 23 types of chromosomes (n), each with a homologous pair (1 from mom, 1 from dad) giving us 46 total (2n). When cells undergo replication they duplicate all their chromosomes. The duplicate remains attached to the original chromosome by a centromere. The two attached duplicates are called sister chromatids (this is what you see as an x shaped chromosome- 1 chromosome, 2 sisters) which will be pulled apart during anaphase, giving each cell, once they divide, a full set of 46 chromosomes.
Are chromosomes equally distributed in mitosis or interphase?
Chromosomes are equally distributed during mitosis, specifically during the metaphase and anaphase stages, when sister chromatids are separated and pulled to opposite poles of the cell. In contrast, during interphase, chromosomes are not evenly distributed, as they exist in a less condensed form called chromatin and are replicated in preparation for cell division. Thus, the equal distribution of chromosomes occurs specifically during mitosis, not interphase.
Are male or female calicos rare?
Males are rare, if they exist at all. The gene for the calico fur is carried by the female chromosome.
