2 cloves of garlic may be equal to 1/2 tablespoons.
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My understanding of a garlic head is that it is the cluster of cloves. The individual cloves of garlic grow in what is called the "head" of garlic. You can buy garlic by the head or as cloves.
That depends on the size of the cloves.
one clove of garlic per day
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1 medium garlic clove chopped up makes about 1 teaspoon. But garlic cloves come in many different sizes. If they are small, you'll need 2-3 cloves. If it is a large clove, just use the entire clove. Even if it's a little more than 1 teaspoon, it will still taste good.
dry out the cloves after mincing them and then add salt. tada!
One or two. I often get between 1 and 2 dozen cloves per bulb, mainly depending on the size of the bulb.
Garlic comes in a bulb which can then be divided into segments. These are known cloves...so 10 cloves of garlic would be 10 segments of garlic - probably just under 2 bulbs worth
Cloves garlic in Hindi is called "लहसुन की कलियाँ" (lahsun ki kaliyan).
This would entirely depend on the cloves. You should simply weigh the cloves on scales and add/remove cloves so you have 350 grams of tehm.