The term Middle-East can refer to two different definitions, The traditional middle-east refers to an area of 15 countries all based in Asia, these are: Bahrain, Cybrus, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Yemen.
While the other definition covers the 15 countries of the traditional middle-east + 21 more countries from 2 continents Asia and Africa. It is academically known as the greater middle-east.
Here is the list of the 21 countries that you can add to the traditional middle-east to make the greater middle-east:
Afghanistan, Algeria, Armenia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Comors, Djibouti, Eritrea, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lybia, Mauritania, Morocco, Pakistan, Somalia, Sudan, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Moroccan or Western Sahara.
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If you specifically called the Middle East as the "Middle East", then it is likely that you live in an Anglophone country (otherwise, you might call it le Moyen Orient, or As-Sharaq Al-Awsat, or el Medio Oriente, etc.). If you live in the Middle East, there are strong odds that you live in either Egypt, Turkey, or Iran. The other countries cumulatively make up less than 25% of Middle East population.
they make up 80% of the population of both countries.
The modern day countries that make up the region that was historically known as Canaan are primarily Israel, Palestine, Lebanon, and parts of Jordan and Syria. Canaan was an ancient Semitic-speaking region in the Near East, encompassing parts of present-day Middle Eastern countries.
The efforts to make peace between Israel and Palestine in particular, but also between Israel and some other countries in the Middle East like Syria.
The Middle East itself is located fully in Asia. However, the Greater Middle East includes the Middleast and North Africa, as well as Afghanistan and Pakistan. The Caucus States of Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan may also be included in this region, and Georgia and Azerbaijan are transcontinental countries of Europe and Asia. So you could say the Middle East includes Europe, Asia, and Africa.
Cypus is the only European Union member in the Middle East. All other European Union countries (as could be guessed) are in Europe. Turkey is a Middle Eastern country that has tried to accede to the European Union, but has not had its accession accepted. To read more about that read the Related Question. The European Union is very active politically in the Middle East, often serving as a bloc to negotiate against different Middle Eastern countries and therefore make negotiations more favorable in the Middle East.
26 Countries: Mauritania Morocco Algeria Tunisia Libya Sudan Somalia Djibouti Egypt Israel Palestine Jordan Yemen Oman United Arab Emirates Bahrain Qatar Kuwait Iraq Saudi Arabia Syria Lebanon Turkey Iran Afghanistan Pakistan 3 Continents: Africa Asia Europe
The Arabian Peninsula and the Upper Middle East.
There are no countries in Antarctica
All countries in the Middle East have fresh water (otherwise their populations would go thirsty), but as for actual lakes and rivers, Egypt, Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Israel, and Jordan have the largest and best access to water in the Middle East. Many other places make use of desalination or condensators.
26 Countries: Mauritania Morocco Algeria Tunisia Libya Sudan Somalia Djibouti Egypt Israel Palestine Jordan Yemen Oman United Arab Emirates Bahrain Qatar Kuwait Iraq Saudi Arabia Syria Lebanon Turkey Iran Afghanistan Pakistan 3 Continents: Africa Asia Europe