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A carbon atom needs four electrons to have a full outer shell so I guess it can form a maximum of four bonds.
Carbon atoms do not gain electrons to form a covalent bond. Carbon atoms form four covalent bonds by sharing its four valence electrons with the valence electrons of other atoms. These can be single bonds, in which one pair of electrons is shared; double bonds, in which two pairs of electrons are shared; or triple bonds, in which three electrons are shared; or a combination of these.
Nitrogen can form a maximum of three single covalent bonds, one with each of its three 2p electrons.
A molecule of ethene contains 6 covalent bonds, namely 5 sigma bonds and a pi bond.
2 covalent bonds
maximum of five single covalent bonds as in PCl5
Maximum of four bonds. It can form four
Carbon will form four covalent bonds, nitrogen will form three covalent bonds, oxygen will form two covalent bonds, and hydrogen will form one covalent bond. Click on the related link to see a diagram showing the structure of an amino acid.
Magnesium often bonds ionically. It has 2 spare electrons in the outer shell (a charge of 2+) , so therefore has a valency of 2.magnesium can also bond covalently forming 2 bonds as in the Grignard reagent, ethyl magnesium bromide, C2H5MgBr. This is an organometallic compound.
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Single, double, and triple covalent bonds
A carbon atom can form 4 single covalent bonds
The nitrogen atom forms 3 covalent bonds.
Boron will form the covalent bonds based on the octet rule.
Carbon form generally covalent bonds; ionic bonds are rare.
Sulfur can form two covalent bonds as in H2S, and can form 6 as in SO3. In elemnatl allotropes of sulfur which are covalent bonded, many are cyclic compounds the number of covalent onds is 2.