There are many thousands of glues, far too many to tell you what they are all called here
Many glues are very strong. There will be many 'strongest glues for different materials. You MUST specify a material for a definitive answer.
Some glues melt styrofoam as those glues solvents are not compatable for styrofoam. You need an adhesive called PL300 or Clearco 444 to properly glue styrofoam.
Mineral spirits removes SOME glues. -Many glues have different compositions and it is ESSENTIAL to state which glue when asking this type of question.
Smelling many synthetic glues is dangerous to your brain cells.
I believe what makes a glue strong or weak is the ingredients it's made of. However, I also know that there are glues for almost every purpose and most will be very good at the exact purpose they are made for, but may appear weak when used in unsuitable conditions. I work at repairing many things and consequently I carry a box of over 30 different glues in my work truck and even more at home.I have rigid fast setting glues, pliable glues, silicon adhesives, glues that will work in extreme heat, glues that adhere underwater and glues that melt substances together. Each has a purpose but few are good for everything. The trick is using the right glue for the material you are gluing.
Thick glues are called 'gel' glues.
My two favorite glues are Shoe Goop and Gloozit. They are both silicone type glues .
Glues come in many different colours.
Thousands.
There are thousand of 'glues' -Many people invented many different glues. Ask about a specific, named glue and we will give an answer
There are thousands of glues with many different ingredients. Most of the modern glues have chemical bases.
it is called bad for you!
Many glues are very strong. There will be many 'strongest glues for different materials. You MUST specify a material for a definitive answer.
Veneers.
I glue many things with many different glues, and must say I have NEVER found a difference on rainy days.
If you do it intentionally, it's called glue sniffing, and it is definitely NOT a good idea.
Fibrin sealants are also called fibrin glues