There are 5 classic long vowels.
A - AY
E - EE
I - eye
O - OH
U - OO or YOO
Some sources list a short YOO ,as well, but the distinction is often ignored. The long YOO can be treated as a Y consonant followed by the long OO.
The caret A has the long A sound followed by an R, sounding like "air." This would not actually be a separate long sound. Similarly, the caret O (a long O followed by an R) sounds like "or" in the US and "aw" in British English.
5 vowels
There are 15-20 vowel sounds in English, depending on the dialect, and around 24 consonant sounds. Vowel sounds are produced without any significant constriction or closure in the vocal tract, while consonant sounds are created by obstructing airflow in different ways.
There is one long vowel sound in the word "idea," which is the letter "i."
There are 19 vowel sounds in spoken English. But there may be fewer or more depending on dialect. (see the related question)
All English vowel sounds are voiced. The number of sounds depends on the type of English (British, American, Canadian, Australian, etc.) which is being spoken.
There are five pure vowel sounds in English: a, e, i, o, and u.
Only one: the vowel pair EE has the sound of a long E.
Only one. The OA pair has the long O (oh) vowel sound.
Just one short vowel, the O. The Y is a vowel but has a long E sound.
There are two : a long E and a schwa.
The terms "long" and "short" have nothing to do with the number of vowels, or the number of letters in a word. The long and short refer to the sound of the vowels. Originally it referred to passage of time, where a "short" vowel would take less time to express than a "long" vowel. But long and short are just very simple terms for some basic vowel sounds, and there are vowel sounds that are neither short or long. In English, the long vowel sounds are those that "say the name" of the vowel : A (ay), E (ee), I (eye), O (oh) and U (yoo, but can also be a long oo sound). The short vowels have a truncated sound : ah, eh, ih, aah, and uh.
There are 4 vowel sounds : long U (OO), schwa for the first E, short or umlaut A, and short I for the last E.
Yes, that is true. So what is your question?