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Many early telegraph cables were made of iron wire, but all modern ones are copper.
A single wire telegraph used (earth) ground to complete the circuit. A single wire is run from the key to the receiver, and the other half of the circuit is completed by driving a conducting rod into the ground at each end. Runs of over 2 miles have been tested using this technique.
Telegraph meaning is a system for transmitting messages from a distance along a wire
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Samuel Morse was involved in the invention of the single wire telegraph system. This system was based on the European telegraph.
The telegraph was invented in Boston, Massachusetts.
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Telegraph/telephone wire.
A thread or slender rod of metal; a metallic substance formed to an even thread by being passed between grooved rollers, or drawn through holes in a plate of steel., A telegraph wire or cable; hence, an electric telegraph; as, to send a message by wire., To bind with wire; to attach with wires; to apply wire to; as, to wire corks in bottling liquors., To put upon a wire; as, to wire beads., To snare by means of a wire or wires., To send (a message) by telegraph., To pass like a wire; to flow in a wirelike form, or in a tenuous stream., To send a telegraphic message.
If you mean the idiom "heard it through the grapevine," this phrase dates from the invention of the telegraph. People realized that gossip can travel nearly as fast as if a telegraph wire were used. They called this the "grapevine telegraph" to distinguish it from the wire telegraph, because of the coiling tendrils of the grapevine that resembled wires.
The telegraphony invented by Granville T Woods in 1885 was a combination of a telephone and telegraph which allowed a telegraph station to send voice and a telegraph message over a single wire.