It varies widley. Even within a single tornado the peak winds experience by any particular point can differ significantly over a short distance. Weak tornadoes have been recorded with maxumum winds of less than 60 mph. By contrast, the very strongest tornadoes will produce gusts to over 300 mph.
Yes. Winds to 302 mph +/- 20 were recorded in one tornado near Oklahoma City on May 3, 1999. Winds this strong and possibly stronger have likely in other tornadoes as well. However, tornadoes this strong are extremely rare.
An average tornado would probably be in the mid EF1 range with peak winds of 90 to 100 miles per hour. The tornadoes that make national news are usually much stronger.
Tornadoes do not have catastrophes. They are catastrophes in and of themselves. While many tornadoes cause only minor to moderate damage, intense tornadoes can be devastating. Their powerful winds can rip apart and even blow away structures. The debris from these structures can then be taken up by the winds, adding to the destruction. In some cases tornadoes may destroy entire neighborhoods and small towns.
No. The prevailing winds are perpetual large scale wind currents that operate on a global scale. They are divided into the trade winds in the tropics, which blow out of the east, the prevailing westerlies in middle latitudes which blow out of the west, and the polar easterlies which blow out of the east. The prevailing winds play a major role in the development and movement of weather systems but are not themselves severe. A tornado is a violent, small-scale vortex of wind that occurs during a thunderstorm. Unlike the prevailing winds, which are almost always going, tornadoes are rare, sporadic events.
This condition is called wind shear. It is indeed a crucial factor in producing tornadoes.
EF4 and EF5 are destructive with EF4 winds up to 166-200 and EF5 over 200mph destructive tornadoes like these can level houses and even completely blow them away.
Tornadoes cause damage through their extremely fast winds and debris carries by those winds. In the worst cases these winds are strong enough to completely blow houses away. However, very few tornadoes actually destroy towns. Most tornadoes are short-lived, small, and weak, only causing minor to moderate damage. Even in most destructive tornadoes the worst damage is limited to a relatively small swath. The tornadoes that produce widespread catastrophic damage, such as in Tuscaloosa or Joplin, are extremely rare.
winds blow sideways because of the rotation of the earth.
Global winds blow North to South
The fact that the a tornado spins means that the winds move in all directions at different points within the tornado, as they make a full 360 degree rotation. In the northern hemisphere tornadoes spin counterclockwise, so winds on the north side of a tornado blow east to west, those on the west side blow north to south, those on the south side blow west to east, and those on the east side blow south to north. This is reversed in the southern hemisphere where tornadoes spin clockwise.
Let the Four Winds Blow was created in 1982.
You mean trade winds. And they are winds that normally blow in the same direction on a regular basis.