Technically, only two or three. In some distributions its even possible to install all in one partition, but I don't recommend this.
These days it's hard on BIOS computers to get all the partitions you want, since between Windows and your OEM you'll have three out of four of your partitions used, you'll need to set up an extended partition.
Unless you're on UEFI! In which case you're golden.
Linux has no built-in support for Windows programs, but many Windows programs and games can be used if you install Wine, a compatibility layer. There are some commercial programs that do the same thing, such as Cedega, that are targeted specifically at games, or Crossover Office, which is targeted at Micosoft Office.
It should have the same limitations as any other operating system if you solely work with physical volumes - 4 primary partitions on MBR, unlimited on GPT (though Windows will limit it to 128). Otherwise, if you use something like LVM, it would be unlimited logical partitions, across a single disk or multiple disks.
You don't. Linux runs just fine on real hardware, and can be dual-booted with Windows fairly easily. Virtualization software is a semi-popular choice for people who use Windows regularly, but who want to try Linux without messing around with disk partitions, or who want to run both without rebooting their computer to switch between them. Many users also do the reverse, running Windows in a virtual machine on top of Linux. Not because they can't install Windows, but because they only need to use it for a couple of tasks and it makes no sense to reboot for those simple tasks.
Linux does not identify drives or partitions with letters. To Windows, "C:" is the partition that the running version of Windows is currently installed on, regardless of how many partitions are on the disk. Linux identifies partitions based on the order they are placed on the disk. For instance, the second partition on the first hard drive would be /dev/sda2 or /dev/hda2. In order to access a Windows partition,you will need to identify what partition it is actually on. A quick way to do this is to run cfdisk /dev/sda or cfdisk with whatever hard drive it is on if you have more than one. A Windows partition will have the type of either NTFS or FAT32. To mount it, create a directory (such as /mnt/windows), and use the command mount /dev/sda3 /mnt/windows substituting of course the correct partition.
This depends on the age of the kernel being used, the type of drive, and the software used to partition the drive. Older Linux systems had a limit of 63 partitions for IDE drives and 15 for SCSI. Kernels before around 2.6.28.5 that used libATA limited all drives to 15 partitions. Experimentation with more recent kernels indicates a limit around 130 partitions per drive. Many partitioning programs available for Linux are still limited to 63 partitions or less.
Most Linux distros will by default install themselves secondary to Windows, BUT you MUST FIRST make a separate partition on your HD for Linux to install on, for the install erases everything that is already on that partition. How to do that is found in your Windows Help. If that's a problem for you, many Linux distros can be run from a CD or DVD, without installation to the HD, so you can try them out to get the feel of them. Knoppix is one such distro. If you want something as like to Windows as possible, try Lubuntu or its parent Ubuntu. But be aware that Linux is NOT a free windows. If you are a command line junkie like myself, I recommend Slackware. If you are into designing and building your own OS based on the Linux kernel, try Arch. In short, the various Linux distros (or flavors) are all different to one another, each having their own design philosophy. Deciding which one you want will be your major problem. Google 'linux reviews'.
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In Windows Server 2008, a physical drive using MBR partition style can have up to four primary partitions and one extended partition.
This depends on the distro that you are using. In many modern distros, you can use the ntfs-3g driver (often included) to mount Windows partitions. The partition will show up on the desktop. In some others, you will have to manually add an entry to the /etc/fstab file.
Wen you are talking about Partitions, you aren't talking about Windows, you are talking about the HDD(Hard Drive Disk). this is a "thing" on the HDD, not Windows. theoretically, you can have as many Partitions as you would like, provided you have the memory for it. Lets say you make a partition that is 5GB, and you install Windows XP on that Partition. Also, your HDD is 57GB. Windows cannot use any memory outside of that Partition. This means that, although you have a 57GB HDD, Windows can only use the 5GB you assigned it. A Partition is sort of like an HDD on an HDD. It can become very confusing. I hope tis helps.
* many software available for windows OS comparison to Linux or mac * easy to select because of available options as compare to Linux (which have many) *software installation no need to configure like Linux.
60 Logical partitions can be created. Only 26 are reachable in Windows Due to the number of letters in thealphabet.