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Integrated circuits, micro-processors, mini computers. (???)
It's an integrated circuit with (almost) all the functions of a processor designed into one chip.
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Anywhere from zero up to as many needed. A supercomputer is not defined by number of processors, but by processing speed (however achieved), typically measured in FLOPS (FLoating point Operations Per Second) although there are other measures. Normally to be called a supercomputer it must have a processing speed at least an order of magnitude faster than the fastest commonly available computers available when it is introduced.
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Supercomputers are the fastest, most powerful computers designed to tackle complex problems requiring vast amounts of computer time. Two types of supercomputer exist. One type has several extremely complex and expensive processors that carry out computations serially, one at a time. Performing billions of operations per second, they are being overshadowed by a second type called massively parallel supercomputing. This system has thousands of simple, inexpensive processors connected in parallel. A computational problem is divided into parts, with portions assigned simultaneously to various processors. The individual processors calculate subtotals and send them to a central processor for combining. The articles below provide information on supercomputers, development and history of the supercomputer.
S. Y. Kung has written: 'VLSI array processors' -- subject(s): Array processors, Design and construction, Integrated circuits, Signal processing, Very large scale integration
Supercomputers were introduced in the 1960s and were designed primarily by Seymour Crayat Control Data Corporation (CDC), and later at Cray Research. While the supercomputers of the 1970s used only a few processors, in the 1990s, machines with thousands of processors began to appear and by the end of the 20th century, massively parallel supercomputers with tens of thousands of "off-the-shelf" processors were the norm.Source From Wikipedia Kv111
Most consumer-quality laptops these days come with what is called an Integrated Graphics Processor, or IGP. These processors, integrated in the CPU, are capable of rendering most simple games like Runescape. You do not need anything beyond your integrated Intel or AMD IGP for these purposes.
i think latest supercomputer is "road runner".
The MacBook is a great computer but it would not be officially classed as a SuperComputer.