oxygen has 8, neon has 10 and sodium has 11
The element described has more valence electrons than oxygen but fewer than neon, more protons than sodium but fewer than argon. This element is magnesium, which has 12 protons, 12 valence electrons (2 more than oxygen but 2 less than neon), and is situated between sodium and argon on the periodic table.
there is no such element
An oxygen atom can only have 8 protons. If you were to add any it would no longer be oxygen. But if you were to add 2 protons to it, it would become the element neon. When neon becomes ionized it glows a an orangy-red.
The element in question is magnesium. It has 12 protons (more than sodium and less than argon), 2 more valence electrons than oxygen (which has 6), and 8 fewer valence electrons than neon (which has a full valence shell with 8 electrons).
The element described is chlorine. It has 7 valence electrons, which is more than oxygen but fewer than neon. Chlorine has 17 protons, more than sodium but fewer than argon.
The element described would be phosphorus. Phosphorus has 5 valence electrons (more than oxygen) and 15 protons (more than sodium but fewer than argon).
See the periodic system. They are numbered according to the number of protons in the nucleus. So number 11 is Sodium. It was discovered in 1807 by Davy, who called it Sodium. In 1813 Berzelius called it Natrium, and gave it the symbol Na.
The element with 2 more protons than oxygen is sulfur. Oxygen has 8 protons, while sulfur has 16 protons.
sodium has more protons and neutrons. electrons have practically no mass, valence electrons are just outer orbital electrons. sodium has 11 protons, 11 electrons, and 12 neutrons. Mass is 23. neon has 10 protons, 10 electrons, and 10 neutrons. Mass is just 20. The neon atom has 10 protons and 10 neutrons for a mass number of 20. The sodium atom has 11 protons and 12 neutrons for a mass number of 23. The number of valence electrons has no bearing on mass number or atomic weight.
Sodium is atomic number 11, while neon is atomic number 10. We would already expect sodium to be heavier, but the most common stable isotope of sodium has 12 neutrons, and the most common stable isotope of neon has only 10. Since the atomic weight can be approximated by the sum of neutrons and protons (and the number of protons is the atomic number), we can guess that sodium's atomic mass is 23 and neon's is 20.
neon
The element that fits these criteria is sulfur. Sulfur has 6 valence electrons (more than oxygen with 6, fewer than neon with 8), 16 protons (more than sodium with 11, fewer than argon with 18).