Earth an pluto
There are many satellites that orbit the earth in a day or less. All of them are man made. The only real satellite that orbits the earth is the moon. That takes 28 days to complete a single orbit.
An object in an orbit is called a satellite. A satellite can be natural, like Earth or the moon. Many planets have moons that orbit them.
If it remains aloft, it is in orbit. There are many different types of orbit. For instance, a geostationary orbit keeps the orbiting body positioned over the same spot on Earth. However an apparent retrograde orbit moves the satellite in the opposite direction of the Earth's rotation, and a Polar orbit sends the satellite over both poles, or nearly so.
A satellite of earth that is not man made is the moon. There are many satellites that are man made that orbit the earth. These satellites are used for communication between Internet and television viewing.
The Sputnik satellite orbited the Earth at an altitude ranging from approximately 143 miles to 586 miles.
If the satellite is anywhere near Earth's surface, it will take about one and a half hours to orbit Earth once. As the orbit gets higher, it will take longer - both because it must travel a longer distance, and because it will be slower.
There is no set inclination of a satellites orbit to the earth's equator. Once in space, the spin of the earth or where it's poles happen to be become irrelevant to the satellite. Many satellites like spy and weather satellites orbit over the two poles (north and south) while communication satellites are placed in orbit directly above the equator at a height that is synchronised with the earth's orbit. This way they stay permanently above the same place on the equator and do not APPEAR to move at all.
A satellite in a low Earth orbit can complete approximately 16 orbits around the Earth in a day. This is because the satellite's orbital period is typically around 90 minutes.
An artificial satellite is a man-made object which is launched into space for the specific purpose of orbiting a planet or celestial body. Most are located in orbit around the Earth but there are many which perform research around other plants.
Gravity keeps satellites in orbit. The closer you are to the Earth, the faster you have to go to maintain your orbit. At low Earth orbit, the altitude of the Space Station, you make an orbit every 90 minutes. At the Moon's distance you need over 27 days to go around the Earth. In-between there is an altitude which matches the rate of the Earth's rotation. Many satellites orbit at this altitude.
Earth is, as are all the planets and the many other things that orbit the sun, such as asteroids and comets.
You can use Kepler's Third Law to calculate this.