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The simple answer is there are two types of addresses used in IP protocols.
The first type:
The first would be the MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is typically burned in, or permanently programed into ROM (Read Only Memory) which resides on the NIC (Network Interface Card).
In theory every MAC address in the world is unique. The first part of the MAC address indicates the card manufacture, and then the remainder uniquely identifies the NIC card.
A MAC address is represented as six 2 digit hexadecimal numbers; like 00:0d:83:b1:c0:8e
The second type:
The second type of IP address would be the network address. This is a logical address assigned to the NIC.
To keep it simple let's just consider an IPv4 address. An IPv4 address is a 32 bit address separated into four 8 bit octets. An IPv4 address looks like 10.1.16.1
The IP network addresses assigned to each NIC needs to fit into the network that the computer is part of.
Assume the subnet that a computer and its NIC are part of, or connected to be 10.1.16.0 with a mask of /24. The network mask is how we know how much of the 32 bit IPv4 addressed is being used by the network portion of the address.
In this example the 10.1.16.1 address is part of the 10.1.16.0 network.
The network mask is 11111111.1111111.1111111.0 is the same as /24, is the same as 255.255.255.0
The network address is 00001010.0000001.00010000.00000000. The last 8 bits are for host or computer NICs
The first usable network IP address is 00001010.0000001.00010000.10000000 or 10.1.16.1 and the last is 10.1.16.254. The 10.1.16.255 would be reserved as the broadcast address. The next network would be 10.1.17.0
Hope this helps…
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Compare and contrast the three types of addresses used in a network?
compare and contrast the three types of addresses used in a network
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Which IP address is reserved for Automatic private ip addressing?
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Which protocol can be used by Router1 to determine the IP address of Router2 when they are directly connected and only layer 2 connectivity exist between them?
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