Sodium has ONE valence electron in its outer shell that is to be donated to any kind of oxidant. By then the outer (3rd) shell (of the Na+ ion) is EMPTY, so the 2nd shell has become the outmost, containing 8 electrons (Ne-configuration). No electrons at all are taken up by sodium.
The outer shell is called the valence shell
Carbon has four valence electrons, so it will need four more electrons to fill its outer shell.
Sulfur has 6 outer valence electrons.
valence electrons are the electrons on the outer-most shell of electrons
These electrons are called "outershell electrons" or "valence electrons."
4V V-Valence Electrons Valence Electrons-Last electron (which is on the outer shell)
The valence electrons
Valence electrons.
Valence electrons
2 valence electrons
Valence electrons.
Oxygen needs 2 more valence electrons to have a full outer shell. Oxygen has 6 valence electrons, and a full outer shell for oxygen is achieved at 8 valence electrons.