How many years were the Israel under captivity in total?

Answer 1

The Assyrians finally overran all of Israel in 722 BCE and deported many of its citizens, while others fled south to Judah and Egypt. It renamed the former kingdom of Israel as the province of Samaria and repopulated it with conquered peoples from elsewhere in the empire. Assyria remained in control of Samaria until Assyria was overrun by the Babylonians more than one hundred years later, who in turn were defeated by the Persians. There would never again be a nation called Israel, until modern times.

The former citizens of Israel assimilated into their host cultures and never returned to Israel. Their descendants can no doubt be found among the present populations of Syria, Iraq and other Middle Eastern countries.

Answer 2

Israel was ruled by Romans from 63 B.C. on and continued under mostly Arab rule - and with a mostly Arab / Palestinian population - until 1948. So it was part of other empires for about 2,000 years.

If you are however talking about their exile and captivity in Babylon, that lasted about 50/60 years.

And if you mean their stay in Egypt which was very probably voluntary and only by groups of Jewish artisans working on temples and pyramids, the answer is about 400 years based on the biblical story. Not a single piece of hard evidence of any mass captivity of Jews in Egypt or of the biblical exodus has however ever been dug up.