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Farmers usually try to breed their cows at 15 months of age for the heifers or girls, and possibly a bit younger for the bulls or boys.

It is best to allow heifers enough time to have had their first oestrus cycle, which is usually a 'silent' or unobservable cycle, before mating or inseminating them. This usually results in more pregnancies than if they are mated during their first cycle. This is related to hormone levels. If cows are bred at a very old age, they may not successfully get pregnant, may abort throughout the pregnancy, may not produce as healthy a calf or may herself have health problems as a result. Higher pregnancy levels result in less costs to impregnate the cows, and less costs of feeding those who have aborted for another year before you can inseminate them again. This is because farmers want their herds to be synchronised and to calve at about the same time so they can predict when they need to help with calving, vaccinating, and so forth.

If you were referring to "when" as in "what time of the year" to mate the cows, it would depend on when you would want your cows to calve. This means finding out when the pasture they are on, if that is the case, has the most quality and quantity to be able to support them all. This is also cost-important!

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