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What were the letters on telephone dials originally used for?
telephone exchanges (operator offices)to route calls Adams would be eg. AD5 -1234- now we use #'s 235-1234 Northside " NO5-1234 etc
What is memory mapping in a computer?
give address according to size of memory like 128x8 FOR SINGLE CHIP it means 27=128, 7no off line and 16bit add bus &data bus 8bit, add start 0000H to 007F A15 A14 A13 A12 A11 A10 A9 A8 AD7 AD6 AD5 AD4 AD3 AD2 AD1 AD0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
What is the pin daigram of Intel 8088?
GND 1 40 VCC A14 2 39 A15 A13 3 38 A16/S3 A12 4 37 A17/S4 A11 5 36 A18/S5 A10 6 35 A19/S6 A9 7 34 SS0 (HIGH) A8 8 33 MN/MX AD7 9 32 RD AD6 10 31 HOLD (RQ/GT0) AD5 11 30 HLDA (RQ/GT1) AD4 12 29 WR(LOCK) AD3 13 28 IO/M(S2) AD2 14 27 DT/R(S1) AD1 15 26 DEN(S0) AD0 16 25 ALE (QS0) NMI 17 24 INTA (QS1) INTR 18 23 Test CLK 19 22 Ready GND 20 21 Reset
Is there a curre for aids?
Last Updated: September 24, 2009 16:38 EDTHIV Vaccine Shows Promise for First TimeAn experimental vaccine prevented HIV infections for the first time, a breakthrough that eluded scientists for a quarter century.A U.S.-funded study involving more than 16,000 volunteers in Thailand found that a combination of ALVAC, made by Paris- based Sanofi-Aventis SA, and AIDSVAX, from VaxGen Inc., of South San Francisco, cut infections by 31.2 percent in the people who received it compared with those on a placebo, scientists said today in Bangkok. Neither vaccine had stopped the virus that causes AIDS when tested separately in previous studies.The finding represents a revival in a campaign that appeared to stall just two years ago when use of Merck & Co.'s experimental Ad5 vaccine boosted some people's chances of infection in a study. The latest result will transform future research, said Mitchell Warren, director of the New York-based AIDS Vaccine Advocacy Coalition."Wow," said Warren, who was not involved in the study, in a telephone interview today. "We are in a new place in the search for an AIDS vaccine. It's safe to say that the scientific community is caught off-guard."The findings don't mean the vaccine can be delivered worldwide, because of unanswered questions about how the shot worked and the fact that it was designed using HIV strains that are specific to Thailand, said Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease in Bethesda, Maryland. It will take years of research before a vaccine might be ready for U.S. approval, he said.A Beginning"This is the beginning of the effort," Fauci said today in a conference call with reporters. "It's opened up the door for us to ask some very important fundamental scientific questions as well as some clinical questions."VaxGen shares rose 5 cents, or 7.3 percent, to 74 cents at 4 p.m. New York time in over-the-counter trading. Sanofi shares declined 74 cents, or 1.5 percent, to 50.13 euros in Paris.The Thailand study looked at whether different infection- fighting strategies devised by Sanofi and VaxGen could be combined into a two-pronged attack. It was conducted by Thailand's Ministry of Public Health over six years, and led by researcher Supachai Reks-Gnarm."What is exciting is that this has provided a proof of concept, that we can do this," said Cate Hankins, chief scientific officer at UNAIDS, the United Nations AIDS-fighting agency. "Anything is possible now, it feels. It is a scientific breakthrough," Hankins said by phone from London.Canarypox VirusSanofi's ALVAC uses a canarypox virus that's been disabled so it doesn't cause sickness in humans to smuggle three HIV genes into the body. It's designed to coax the immune system to make so-called T-cells, protectors that hunt and kill infection deep inside the body.The AIDSVAX shot contains an HIV protein called gp120 that's used by the virus to enter human cells. It is designed to encourage the body to produce neutralizing antibodies to destroy HIV viruses before they can infect healthy cells.The search for a vaccine to prevent HIV has eluded scientists since the early 1980s. AIDS, the syndrome linked with HIV, infects about 6,800 new people globally every day. While there are treatments for HIV that limit the virus in the body, holding AIDS at bay for years, there is no cure.First Evidence"This is the first concrete evidence, since the discovery of the virus in 1983, that a vaccine against HIV is eventually feasible," Michel DeWilde, senior vice president of research at Sanofi Pasteur, the French drugmaker's vaccine unit, said in a statement today.An international test of the Ad5 vaccine made by Whitehouse Station, New Jersey-based Merck in about 3,000 people was halted in September 2007, when 49 HIV infections occurred among those who received it compared with 33 among those who got placebo shots. That suggested the product may have raised HIV risk among people exposed to blood or semen containing the virus.In 2004, a group of U.S. AIDS researchers said in a letter to the journal Science that the combination trial would probably disappoint, and shouldn't be allowed to proceed because of the failure of the two previous studies.Highest HIV RatesIn a telephone interview from Oxford, England, before the results were reported, Marie-Paule Kieny, director of the World Health Organization's Initiative for Vaccine Research in Geneva, said, "I don't think there is a lot of expectation that the efficacy of this vaccine will be very high. Any hint towards identifying something which is protective in humans would be very good news," she said.The researchers enrolled volunteers in Thailand's Chon Buri and Rayong provinces, which have the nation's highest rates of HIV, according to the study Web site.Subjects were given four doses of the ALVAC vaccine and two of the AIDSVAX shot over six months, then monitored for three years. They were also given advice on safe sex. There were no serious side effects, the researchers said.Of those who received the vaccine, 51 became infected with HIV, compared with 74 who received a placebo, the researchers said. Those in the study who became infected with HIV during the trial were given free access to treatment.In another finding, the vaccine failed to reduce the amount of virus in the blood of subjects who became infected. Researchers had hoped that if the vaccine didn't prevent infections, it would at least cut the virus to levels so low it couldn't be transmitted.Modest Results"Although the results were modest, with an efficacy of 31.2 percent, this is a very important scientific advance, and gives us hope that a globally effective HIV vaccine may be possible in the future," said Jerome Kim, a deputy director of science at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, which sponsored the trial. "It has already caused us to change some of our ideas," Kim told reporters.The researchers don't understand exactly how the vaccine prevented infections or why it didn't reduce viral load."We need to find out a lot more about how it went about reducing HIV risk," said UNAIDS's Hankins. "There's a whole slew of studies being planned now and meetings being planned to discuss the significance of the results, and to go into detail on the data."The same vaccine may not necessarily have the same effect in other parts of the world, such as Africa, where different strains of HIV circulate, Hankins said.VaxGen, spun off in 1995 from South San Francisco, California-based biotech company Genentech Inc., stopped developing AIDSVAX in 2003 after a trial showed it didn't prevent people from getting HIV. The Global Solutions for Infectious Diseases, a South San Francisco-based nonprofit organization, acquired the rights to the product.The Thailand trial was funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the National Institutes of Health and the U.S. Army Medial Research and Materiel Command.To contact the reporter on this story: Simeon Bennett in Singapore at sbennett9@bloomberg.net.
What must the rider who does not have the right of way do in an indoor or outdoor horse riding school- stop in the middle nothing it is up to the right of way rider to act go to the inside track?
go to the inside of the arena, pasing the horse going the opposite way by at least a metre. -18 1i 18 1i,18 1f 1l 22 24 32 2j 3u 2v 4l 3a 59 3r 65 4b 6v 54 7p 5t 8q 6q a4 7k ba 8g cj 9c ds af f3 bk gb cq hl e1 j1 f8 kd gh lq HQ n8 j8 om kr q1 mi ra ob sf q4 tg ru ud tp v5 vj vm 11d vv 136 101 14t vt 16j vm 17u vc 195 uu 1a3 uf 1am tv 1av tb 1b7 sq,1bk tc 1t0 te,1op 10d 246 1gl,1o1 17r 1nj 16s 1n5 15p 1mp 14r 1m5 13h 1ld 125 1kp 114,1rj vs 1ru 10g 1sd 115 1sq 11o 1tg 12i 1uc 13c 1vc 146 20h 153 21s 161 231 16r 249 17l 25i 18g 26t 19c 289 1a8 29n 1b5 2b5 1c1 2cl 1ct 2e6 1dp 2fn 1ek 2ha 1fc 2it 1g3 2ki 1gn 2m6 1h7 2nr 1hl 2pb 1hv 2qk 1i6 2ru 1ia 2t0 1ia 2u1 1i6 2v5 1hq 307 1ha 31c 1gm 32a 1g2 333 1ff 33p 1et 34d 1ec,34m 1f6 34k 1fv 358 1g5 35p 1fu 35k 1fc 352 1f3 34h 1f4 34i 1fn,357 1g4 358 1h3 359 1hu 35a 1il 35e 1j9 36c 1jo,35e 1j7 352 1jm,357 1gt 35q 1gj 369 1ga,356 1gs 34o 1gj 34a 1ge,35c 1fc 34j 1fu,38h 1gl 39f 1hi 3af 1ik 3b9 1jf 3bu 1kn 3cd 1lv 3ck 1na 3c0 1on 3aq 1pj 39g 1pu 384 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2df 4hi 2e6 4j2 2es 4ki 2fh 4mf 2g5 4o9 2gi 4q1 2gp 4rq 2gt 4tj 2gs 4vb 2gm 512 2gd 52l 2g1 53s 2fi 54v 2et 55n 2e0 561 2d3,51m 2jp 528 2ki 530 2l6 53v 2lc 54h 2l6 53r 2ko 532 2kd 52c 2k5 51p 2ju,53s 2ko 541 2l8,54v 2j2 54q 2jr 54j 2kh 54g 2l6 54v 2kk 552 2jv 553 2jc,54j 2ke 54t 2kr,51m 2jt 513 2kk 50q 2le 50l 2m5 50e 2ld 50h 2kj 50t 2jt 51c 2jd 50k 2jj 503 2k7 4vk 2ks 4va 2lg 4va 2ki 4vr 2jp 50h 2j2 51a 2io 521 2iu 52g 2jh 52t 2jt 52u 2j1 52q 2i7 52n 2hh 535 2i7 539 2iv 53c 2jj 53v 2is 54t 2ih 55o 2ib 56j 2ik 57a 2j6 57o 2jq 56u 2jg 565 2j7 55d 2j0 563 2jn 56s 2k8 57i 2kq 582 2la 58e 2lm 57m 2l8 570 2kj 569 2k0 55i 2jh 54t 2j4,54v 2ma 54e 2mo 54h 2nc 54n 2nt 55b 2nd 562 2n8,598 2n3 58b 2ne 578 2nj 564 2nn 54e 2oe 531 2p7 51p 2ph 50f 2pg 4ve 2pj 4um 2q6 4ve 2qv 50m 2r7 51t 2r7 53c 2r9 54m 2r8 55r 2qs 56n 2q5 57c 2pd 57v 2og 58d 2np,5ai 2h9 5ao 2j1 5at 2kg 5b1 2lo 5b9 2ne 5bp 2p6 5ce 2r0 5d8 2sr 5e5 2um 5fe 2vn 5g6 309 5h4 30o 5i1 30r 5j1 311 5k4 31g 5l6 320 5mb 32q 5na 342 5o8 35f 5p6 36p 5qa 384 5ri 39d 5sr 3an 5u5 3c1 5vg 3db 60s 3el 628 3g0 63l 3hb 651 3io 66c 3k8 67l 3lr 68k 3nk 68r 3pc 68l 3qr 68b 3s3 67l 3tc 671 3ut 66p 40b 679 41q 689 438 69f 44m 6ak 465 6bs 47l 6d6 494 6ei 4af 6g0 4bm 6hk 4cl 6je 4de 6l9 4e1 6n3 4e9 6ol 4e2,6ol 4e2 6q0 4dk 6r9 4cs 6si 4bt 6tr 4at 6v2 49q 709 48m 71d 47h 72b 46e 739 45a,6vi 4cf 6v6 4d6 6ue 4d4 6tv 4dn 6ul 4ea 6vg 4e9 705 4dp 705 4d0 701 4cd,70n 4g7 72e 4gk 74b 4h0 75l 4hn 76d 4iq 755 4jo 73n 4js 74a 4l6 75h 4lr 76p 4mh 77u 4n9 78t 4oa 792 4pl 788 4qt 76i 4r8 74u 4r3 73i 4qn 72d 4qb 715 4pu 700 4pp 6uq 4pm 6ts 4pj,78o 4pv 77q 4pl 76u 4pb 764 4p2,6rm 4fo 6rr 4es 6si 4e2 6t5 4d6 6te 4c0 6uc 4bg 6vd 4bg 707 4bg 712 4bi 71l 4c8 723 4cu 72v 4dc,7ai 4i0 7bf 4je 7ca 4kh 7d5 4lk,75p 4i2 75q 4in,7bq 4fh 7av 4g6 7c4 4hg 7db 4in 7eb 4jp 7eu 4l2 7fh 4mb 7ek 4ms 7db 4mt 7c5 4mp 7bh 4m5 7bk 4l9 7b2 4kh 7ae 4jj 7ab 4il 79k 4ib 7a4 4ht 7aj 4iq 7b2 4jj 7bt 4k6 7cp 4kl 7cf 4lr 7cr 4mt 7dp 4no 7es 4oh 7g0 4pa 7h6 4q6 7id 4r2 7jm 4s0 7kv 4sv 7m9 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