The last time I had my '92 SC300 smogged at a "test only" station, it cost $60. That was last year.
How much does it cost to replace a worn emission hose on a Jeep Wranger?
If you have to ask, you can't afford it.
Depends on models, trim levels, levels of equipment, etc...
The emission output at tail pipe can be used to check causes of little air or too much fuel. The emission output can check the levels of water vapor, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen and particulate carbon soot.
Unknowable. An eitgth is not a valid unit of measure.
If the sensor is dead, it's about $200-300.
14-18 there are 2 trim levels with 2 engines
you don't buy levels you gain exp point by cooking
144
Consumer Price Index
The Littlebigplanet Move pack is $9.99 and is the biggest DLC pack with 5 giant story levels and 7 side levels
We know how much carbon dioxide (CO2) is emitted when we burn one tonne of coal. So a country can calculate from the amount of coal burnt the amount of CO2 emitted. Similarly with oil and natural gas.In more detailYou can:Capture the gas and measure it chemically or electronically in a laboratoryMeasure the gas in the exhaust with either transmission or reflection laser systemsCalculate the emissions fom the fuel source compositionMeasure the downstream ambient air concentration (field or lab as above)Use typical emission rates from reference literatureThey guess. Honestly, there is no tool sensitive to measure such a small percentage of the gas in the environment arround the entire world, so the look at computer models, which are based on "Bets Estimates) or guesses.