Mass.
The term used to describe how much an object weighs is "mass." Weight is the force exerted on an object due to gravity, which is dependent on the object's mass and the acceleration due to gravity.
The amount of gravity pulling on an object depends on its mass and the mass of the object exerting the gravitational force. The greater the mass of the object, the stronger the gravitational force it exerts. The force of gravity weakens with distance, following the inverse square law.
The force a falling object exerts upon impact is dependent on the object's mass, gravity, and the distance fallen. Using the formula F = mgh, where F is the force, m is the mass, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height fallen, the force exerted by an 80-pound object falling 10 feet would be approximately 3520 pounds.
The weight of an object is a measure of the force of gravity acting on it. It is dependent on the mass of the object and the acceleration due to gravity at its location. Weight is different from mass, which is a measure of the amount of matter in an object.
The amount of gravity acting on an object is its weight. Weight is the force exerted on an object due to gravity, and it is directly proportional to the object's mass.
9.8 newtons, down
A ramp exerts no force, just gravity.
Jim will need to exert at least 25 N of force to overcome both gravity and friction and move the object. This is calculated by adding the force of gravity (15 N) and the force of friction (10 N).
6 pounds weighs 6 pounds. Weight is a measure of force acting on an object due to gravity, so in this case, a mass of 6 pounds exerts a force of 6 pounds.
mass of the object pulling
Yes. All mass exerts a gravitational pull and gravity exists everywhere. Many objects have much stronger gravity than Earth does.
The mass won't change (except for insignificant effect due to the Theory of Relativity); the weight will be twice as much. I am assuming you mean the gravitational field; that is, the gravitational acceleration will be twice as much.