It varies from country to country, as well as based on the type of application and how it is submitted.
A link to the current US fee schedule is below.
Does the government proviide money grants for patent application work done by patent lawyers
No; money predates patents by hundreds of years.
No - Patents are property. If one sells a patent outright, one ceases to have any ownersip of that patent.
There is no single answer for this. A single pharmaceutical patent may earn billions of dollars a year for its owner, while hundreds if not thousands of other patents are never exploited at all.
According to the article in Smart Money linked below, the patent continues through December 2016.
No, sadly. Although he spent many years in court attempting to enforce his patent against planters who made unauthorized copies it was too late for him to make much money from the device in the single year remaining before the patent expired.
Unknown. I've never seen a patent for sale.
A bank!
MONEY!
No, they do not have a patent. They have a trade secret. Much like KFC there are very few people who know it.
The term patent pending informs the public that a person filed a patent application with the United States Patent and Trademark Office for that particular item. The patent pending designation does not give the person any legal rights; it just means that the patent office will review their application. It does not guarantee that a patent will be awarded. It is a warning to potential competitors. Hopefully they won’t put the time and money into developing a product for which you may end up holding the patent.
$5000 to $20000 http://www.uipatent.com/