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Betelgeuse is probably older, but it's hard to give exact ages for stars. Both of them are only a few million years old, much younger than our 4 billion year old sun. See related questions for more details on the ages of those stars.
In Orion, on the lower right as seen from the northern hemisphere, a bright white-coloured star. Compare Betelgeuse at the opposite corner of Orion, a red giant. The colours are more visible in binoculars.
No. Rigel is more than 70 times larger.
Betelgeuse is more luminous than Aldebaran.
There is more than one star in the Rigel "system". The main star, in terms of brightness, is Rigel A. That has a surface temperature of about 12,000 degrees Celsius.
Yeah, the Suns radiant pressure is more increased then Betelgeuse.
Betelgeuse has a radius approximately 1,000 times greater than our own Sun. See link for more information
Betelgeuse is the star in the left shoulder of the Orion constellation. It is also the name of a character in the movie Beetlejuice.
No. Betelgeuse is quite large, but there are many stars even larger. See the related question for more info.
Lipids (fats).
Our sun has an absolute magnitude of 4.83, compared to Betelgeuse's absolute magnitude of -6.05. This means that Betelgeuse is more than 10 magnitudes brighter than our sun.
The standard designations of stars within a constellation is a Greek letter followed by the Latin name of the constellation. This is called the "Bayer designation". In general - but not in EVERY case - the stars were lettered in order by brightness. Please remember that this was done a few hundred years ago, before the invention of detailed electronic instruments. And over the centuries, in a few cases the stars themselves have varied in brightness. For example, in the constellation of Orion, the star Betelgeuse is "Alpha Orionis", even though it is the SECOND-brightest star in Orion. Why the discrepancy? A couple of reasons, perhaps. Rigel, the brightest star in Orion, isn't all THAT much brighter; both are "first magnitude" stars. Second, Betelgeuse is known to be a variable star, and 300 years ago we believe that Betelgeuse was actually brighter than Rigel is.