The Planet Earth is ONE planet.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are much larger than earth. Venus (slightly), Mars (by half) and Mercury are smaller than earth.
The earth is a planet, it has no known planets within.
It depends on the planet. Some planets, like Jupiter, are made from gas. While others, like Earth, are rocky planets.
There are no planets orbiting Earth.
Mars and Earth are very different planets when it comes to temperature, size, and atmosphere, but geologic processes on the two planets are surprisingly similar. On Mars, we see volcanoes, canyons, and impact basins much like the ones we see on Earth.
It's because Earth has an atmosphere.
There is life on other planets. Imagine, there are 1000 planets in the Universe for every grain of sand on the earth. That's how many planets there are, so scientifically, the chance that there must be life on other planets as well is much greater than the chance that there is no life.
Giant, or Jovian planets do not have any discernable surface as they are comprised mostly of gases and are more like a liquid inside then solid. Also, these planets are a lot larger then the inner terrestrial planets and have much more gravity. The closest thing that would resemble gravity like the earth would be the moons of the large planets. These are also much smaller then the earth and would be a fraction of the earth.
The four inner, terrestrial or rocky planets all have similar densities, much higher than the four outer gas giant planets (though the outer planets are much larger and more massive).
We may possibly know how Earth was created.
Uranus is a Jovian planet, which are much larger the terrestrial planets, like Earth.
As yet we are not certain as to the origins of Earth's water.