Depends on how big the Comet is.
No. The head of a comet is much, much smaller than Earth (and made of considerably less dense materials as well); a comet knocking Earth out of the solar system would be like a mosquito knocking your car off the highway.
our earth would be then fried, becasue the orbit of a comet orbits around the sun which cause the comet to be insanely high. which in one case would fry our earth if our orbit was near the sun
Comets have significantly less gravity compared to Earth due to their much smaller mass. For example, a typical comet can have a mass that is a fraction of that of Earth, resulting in a gravitational pull that is only a tiny fraction of Earth's gravity. This means that objects on a comet weigh much less than they would on Earth, allowing for lower escape velocities and unique surface conditions. Consequently, the gravitational environment on a comet is much weaker, affecting how objects move and behave on its surface.
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It is quite common for small meteors to hit the Earth. Larger impacts by an asteroid or comet are also possible but happen much less often.
Halley's comet's mass (weight) is exactly 2.2×1014 (TO the power of 14)
since comets are big, dusty snow-balls, it doesn't much protection from most of a comet, and the atmosphere takes care of that. However, in the case of a direct hit by the head of a comet ... kerpow! The earth wouldn't really be damaged, but the little things (like us) would be.
No. A comet is not usually very big (20km or so). What gives a comet its brightness is its tail, which is seen when it approaches the sun, and the Earth's orbit. Then the heat from the sun leads to the release of vapor and water from the comet (which is basically a dirty snowball) - basically a vast cloud behind it which can be many thousands of kilometres long, which is what we see. At Saturn's orbit, the comet would simply be a dirty snowball, hard to detect even with a powerful telescope. At the low temperatures (like -180c) it wouldn't be releasing any water vapour; at the same time, it would be very far away (at least 1.3 billion km) and it would not be getting much light shone on it (1/90th as much as when it reaches Earth orbit).
It will be back again in 2061. The 1986 flyby was a bit of a disappointment. Comet Kohoutek in 1973 was much better, but it won't be back for another 75,000 years.
To calculate weight in space, you would use the formula: Weight in space = Weight on Earth x (gravitational pull of space / gravitational pull of Earth). Since gravitational pull in space is typically much lower than on Earth (about 0.17 times that of Earth), your weight in space would be significantly less. Keep in mind this calculation assumes a constant gravitational pull throughout the region of space you are in.
Comets orbit the Sun, the Earth orbits the Sun. Thus both the comet and the Earth are in motion one relative to the other and thus the position a the comet relative to the earth is constantly changing.
Since you're launching from space there would be no gravity and air friction to overcome. Flight in space is much more fuel-efficient than it is within the atmosphere of the earth.