The average lead time for a tornado warning is 15 minutes. Sometimes you get more warning, sometimes less.
The weather that precedes a tornado, including heavy rain and hail generally occurs in the front part of a supercell thunderstorm, with the tornado closer to the back.
Storm chasers have helped to identify features within a storm that are signs of a possible or imminent tornado including the "hook echo" signature sometimes seen on a radar image, and the rear-flank downdraft which often occurs just a few minutes before a tornado forms. Storm chasers can also relay information about a tornado to warning centers and broadcasters who can then warn people in the tornado's path.
Before a tornado occurs, the atmosphere needs to be unstable, with warm, moist air at the surface and cold, dry air aloft. Wind shear is also crucial, as it creates the rotation necessary for a tornado to form. Storm systems or supercell thunderstorms often provide the ideal conditions for tornado development.
Tornadoes are poorly understood and scientists are still not sure what is involved in forming them. Furthermore, the factors that we do know contribute to tornadoes can be diffdifficult to detect.
The energy is stored in the air as thermal energy. A supercell thunderstorm turns that into kinetic energy in the form of rotating wind. Under the right conditions that rotation can form a tornado.
detection for protection and warning
If you live in a trailer with no basement, the safest place to go during a tornado is a designated storm shelter or a nearby sturdy building. If neither are available, seek shelter in a low-lying area such as a ditch and cover your head to protect yourself from flying debris. It's important to have a plan in place and know the safest options before a tornado occurs.
detection for protection and warning
A tornado. Tornadoes usually occur on land anyway.
It is simply a tornado. Most tornadoes occur on land.
When a tornado touches down it means it has reached the ground and can now cause damage. It is not a tornado until this occurs,
Once formation starts, a tornado usually takes just a few minutes to a few seconds to touch down. A typical tornado will be into and out of a given spot after just a few seconds. A large or slow moving tornado may take a minute or more.