See the Related Links for "U.S Mint website - $1 coins" to the bottom for the answer.
Also, the coins are golden colored, not gold - they're made of a manganese-copper-nickel alloy.
Golden quarters were never officially minted in the US (I assume you were asking about US coins).
The current face value of all presidential dollar coins is $1. Remember, they're brass, not gold. Presidential dollar coins minted at Philadelphia and Denver are worth a dollar even if they are uncirculated. Proof-quality presidential dollar coins minted at San Fransisco are worth $3.
Yes, there used to be a gold dollar. There were three designs minted between 1849 and 1889. It was one of the smallest coins the US ever minted.
President Monroe is featured on one of the presidential dollar coins minted in 2008.
After being minted, coins are sent through to banks throughout the USA.
Yes, dollar coins were minted in 2002. The U.S. Mint produced the Sacagawea dollar, which features the image of Sacagawea, a Shoshone woman who assisted Lewis and Clark on their expedition. Additionally, the Mint also issued the Presidential dollar coins starting in 2007, but the Sacagawea dollar was the only dollar coin minted in 2002.
Not for general circulation as the metal is far more valuable the the face value of coins being minted, however silver may be added to very special commemorative coins.
I believe they were minted in bronze.
All "golden" dollar coins weigh 8.1 gm. See the link below for other coins' weights.
Yes, they're still being minted. Business strikes are produced in Philadelphia and Denver, with proofs for collectors minted in San Francisco.
Dollar coins minted since 2000 are made of manganese brass. They're not gold, just "golden".
Jefferson Presidential dollars were minted in 2007. The minting date and mintmark are incused on the coin's edge. Remember that these coins aren't real gold, they're made of brass.