Hot and dry conditions for an exteded period of time.
so that they have a smaller surface area to lose water from
Most areas of Australia have permanent drought conditions.
Water is always being used up by plants evaporation irrigation it get soaked into the ground. During a drought climatic conditions are such that the rain that usually falls either does not form or the winds drive the weather that has rain to other places. when the plants use up all the water and the air is dry and hot that is whats a drought is
To save plants from drought
plants will allow their leaves to die if they need to reserve water during a drought. This means that there is less for the plant to have to maintain. Or, as in the desert, plants have no leaves at all.
There are actually tons of drought tolerant plants - you just need to look harder.
The plants will die and there will be a drought :) :> :} :]
To prevent loss of water from guard cells
How an unusually prolonged drought might affect a biological community?Drought conditions increase soil erosion, damage plants, impair water quality, and diminish biological health. Drought also makes areas more prone to invasion of harmful species and insect infestation.
Because free proline can increase the osmotic potential of cells, promote plant cells absorbing water. When the condition of drought, the increase of Pro can help cells absorb water. Proline acts as an osmoprotectant and that overproduction of proline results in the increased tolerance to osmotic stress in plants. It also enhances root biomass and flower development in transgenic plants under drought-stress conditions.
Extreme environmental conditions influence epigenetics. There are certain chemical compounds adhering to the genetic material but not altering the DNA sequence during conditions of stress to the organism. For example proline protects the plants from wilting during conditions of drought.