The process of dividing total memory sizes to the segment of various sizes is called segmentation.
The device which is used to fetch,decode and execute is called pipe lining.
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See the related link, below, for the 8086/8088 pinout.
disadvantages of memory segmentation
The 8086/8088 is a 16 bit processor running on a 16 bit (8086) or 8 bit (8088) bus with a 20 bit address bus. In order to obtain the extra 4 bits of addressibility, Intel designed segment registers that are effectively multiplied by four and then added to the 16 bit offset address generated by the instruction. This yields 64K segments of 64KB each, although they overlap each other at a distance of 16 bytes.
Each segment in the 8086/8088 is 64KB because that is how Intel designed the microprocessor. The offset address is 16 bits, making the allowable range 64KB. See the related questions link for a further discussion of segmented architecture.
At this point you may be wondering why Intel designed the 8086 family devices to access memory using the segment: offset approach rather than accessing memory directly with 20-bit addresses. The segment: offset, scheme requires only a 16-bit number to represent the base address for a segment, and only a 16-bit offset to access any location in a segment. This means that the 8086 has to manipulate and store only 16-bit quantities instead of 20-bit quantities. This makes for an easier interface with 8- and 16-bit-wide memory boards and with the 16-bit registers in the 8086. The second reason for segmentation has to do with the type of microcomputer in which an 8086-family CPU is likely to be used. In a timesharing system, several users share a CPU. The CPU works on one user's program for perhaps 20 ms, then works on the next user's program for 20 ms. After working 20 ms for each of the other users, the CPU comes back to the first user's program again. Each time the CPU switches from one user's program to the next, it must access a new section of code and new sections of data. Segmentation makes this switching quite easy. Each user's program can be assigned a separate set of logical segments for its code and data. The user's program will contain offsets or displacements from these segment bases. To change from one user's program to a second user's program, all that the CPU has to do is to reload the four segment registers with the segment base addresses assigned to the second user's program. In other words, segmentation makes it easy to keep users' programs and data separate from one another, and segmentation makes it easy to switch from one user's program to another user's program.
You can. There are thousands of microprocessors.
No. The 8086 has instructions not present in the 8085. The 8086 was marketed as "source compatible" with the 8085, meaning that there was a translator program which could convert assembly language code for the 8085 into assembly language code for the 8086. However, this does not mean that the compiled 8086 assembly code would then run on an 8085; among other things, the 8086 was a true 16-bit processor, as opposed to the 8085 which was an 8-bit processor that supported a few 16-bit operations.
The data bus in the 8086 is 16 bits in size, while the address bus is 20 (16bits would only address 64KB of memory, an extra 4 bits allows to address the total of 1MB, this is done trough segmentation of the memory). To form a multiplexed of data bus and address bus, four bits of 8086 address bus are grounded.
The 8086 Microprocessor operate to require frequency that is provided by clock generator to 8086 Microprocessor and also Synchronization various component of 8086.
8086 main application is to evaluate the arithmetic operations in any systems that uses 8086
If you mean greater (more) 8086.