Capital is the owner contribution towards business at the start of business as well as during the business as well.
It appears as a current asset
Ordinary share capital is shown under equity section of balance sheet as all kind of capital is shown in equity section
In partnership balance sheet capital of all partners is shown while in corporate balance sheet capital of all share holders is shown.
Capital employed is shown as partners share capital in balance sheet or partners capital statement.
Prefered Stock is one type of share capital issue to public with preferential rights available to them like they must get return on shares whether company earns profit or loss they are the people get their returns etc. So as it is a type of share capital so it also includes in share capital of company and shown in owner's equity part of liability side of balance sheet.
Earning per share information is shown in income statement and not shown in balance sheet of business.
Treasury stock is contra account for share capital account so as share capital has credit balance treasury stock has debit balance and shown as an asset under balance sheet.
Yes share premium paid is part of paid up capital and shown separately as share premium account in equity section of balance sheet.
All kind of capital is related to and shown under equity section of balance sheet.
because it needs to be repaid
Bond is issued to raise capital which is liability for business and shown under liability section of balance sheet.
Retained earning does not go anywhere. It is a part of capital equity which shown in equity section of balance sheet.
Profits or loss are part of capital all credits and liabilities are shown in liabilities side of balance sheet same way all debits and assets are shown under assets side of balance sheet.