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How the Saturn v rocket works?

Updated: 9/21/2023
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11y ago

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The Saturn V launch vehicle, a complex beast with some 3 million parts, had three stages:

Stage I (SI-C) held five rocket engines that used liquid oxygen and kerosene to produce a total of 7.5 million pounds (33,375,000 newtons or N) of thrust. When the Saturn V reached an altitude of about 36 miles (57.9 km), traveling at 9,030 feet (2,752 meters) per second, the explosive bolts that connected the SI-C to the rocket were detonated, and SI-C fell into the Atlantic Ocean.

The stage II (S-II) engines, with their 1,125,000 pounds (5,006,250 N) of thrust, accelerated the vehicle to 22,746 feet per second (6,932 meters per second), and at the height of 101 miles (1,562.5 km), explosive bolts again detonated, causing the S-II to be jettisoned.

The stage III (S-IVB) single J-2 rocket engine provided 225,000 pounds (1,001,250 N) of thrust. While the spacecraft orbited the Earth a few times, the engine shut down. When the spacecraft was aligned with the moon, the engine reignited and pushed the Apollo toward our silvery satellite. The S-IVB was then discarded.

Along with its stage sequences, another interesting facet of how the Saturn V worked was the "help" it took advantage of when maneuvering its way up, up and away. With a payload to orbit of 285,000 pounds (129,300 kilograms), the Saturn V was not exactly light on its feet [source: Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum]. As any physicist can tell you, a significant amount of energy is needed to boost that kind of weight into space and then on its intended trajectory. Therefore, scientists design rocket flight plans to take advantage of any natural assistance available. One such trick is to turn the rocket east while it is launching and moving into orbit. Because the Earth rotates to the east, the rotational velocity of the planet itself gives the rocket a natural boost of energy. The strength of the Earth's boost depends on where the rocket is launched -- the Earth's rotational velocity is greatest at the Equator, so the nearer to the Equator the launch site, the more the rocket will benefit.

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Q: How the Saturn v rocket works?
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