how weight is resisted by structures
yes that is true. (assuming that the pull is being resisted.) Falling objects have no weight - until they hit the ground.
Was it unsuccessful? It was strongly resisted but eventually accomplished many of its goals. It is an ongoing process to change deeply ingrained social structures.
He resisted arrest and was charged.
"Weight" happens when the attraction of gravity on a mass is resisted, we only FEEL the weight when we are resisting gravity. Weightlessness therefore happens when gravity is not resisted - when you are in "free-fall".In a space when you are in orbit round the Earth, you are effectively in "free-fall" and therefore as you are not resisting gravity you are weightless (but not massless).
Quakers resisted slavery.
yes
They must support their own weight.
There are various times in which China resisted European influence. For example, during the Opium Wars in which they resisted the British.
No
no
Columns of course!
Aquifers can't support the weight of overlying structures.