the Persians destroyed Babylon
Babylon was the place, Babylonia was the civilization.
Nebuchadnezzar II.
Babylonia
Babylonia was dug up from the dirt but the hanging gardens were destroyed in the 1st century BC.
The empire that took destroyed the First Jewish Temple in Jerusalem (and defeated the Southern Kingdom of Judah) was Babylonia in 586 BCE. The empire that destroyed the Second Jewish Temple in Jerusalem in 70 CE, after defeating the Jewish Zealots was the Roman Empire.
Babylonia developed around 2200 B.C.
There are two different empires at play here. The empire that destroyed the Northern Kingdom of Israel was Assyria in 722 BCE. The empire that took the Jews into captivity (and destroyed the Southern Kingdom of Judah) was Babylonia in 586 BCE.
The capital city of Babylonia was Babylon.
Herodotus did visit Babylonia.
The nation that threatened Judah during the time of Jeremiah was Babylonia, specifically the Neo-Babylonian Empire led by King Nebuchadnezzar. The Babylonians invaded Judah multiple times and eventually destroyed Jerusalem in 586 BCE, leading to the Babylonian exile of the Jewish people.
Neo-Babylonia Neo-Babylonia
Babylonia.