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Edmund Barton was not initially elected Prime minister - he was appointed.

Barton was the most vigorous federalist in the largest state (New South Wales), so he was appointed Prime Minister, but he was not the first choice of the newly elected Governor-General, Lord Hopetoun. Hopetoun initially invited Sir William Lyne, the Premier of New South Wales, to be the first Prime Minister but Lyne was unable to gain the support he needed to form government.

Edmund Barton was initially elected because the Cabinet of Ministers refused to work under William Lyne. He was appointed on 1 January 1901.

The inaugural (first) federal elections, in which the Australian public elected Barton and his cabinet, were held on 29 and 30 March 1901, which was just after Federation. None of the parties won a clear majority, but Barton's Protectionist Party won 31 of the 75 seats, which was more than any other party won.

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