Solid shot (as opposed to hollow shell) was cast by melting iron, and pouring it into a ball shaped mold. After it cooled the mold was removed, and the cannonball tumbled in a barrel with abrasives (sand) to smooth the surface.
The main cannon of the Civil War was the 10-pound muzzle loading Parrot Rifle. However, there were many older types of cannon still in use at the beginning of the Civil War. These ranged from Revolutionary-era "grasshoppers" (small 3-pounders made of brass) up to cast iron mortars and cannon.
It concentrated thick walls of iron over the breech area where the high pressure of the burning powder was concentrated. The high pressure occured because of the great force needed to overcome the inerta of the projectiles which could weigh over one hundred pounds or more. As the projectile traveled down the bore, this pressure rapidly decreased. Admiral Dalghren discovered this by conducting tests on existing cannon by drilling holes at intervals from the breech to the muzzle and fitting them with pressure recording devices. He reasoned great weight was not needed towards the cannon muzzle because of the pressure drop. The resulting tube shape was dictated by the actual metal needed to hold the bore pressure. The result was the "soda bottle" shape seen on surviving examples. This allowed great savings in the weight of the cannon tube. This, coupled with radical casting methods, made the Dalghren tubes the strongest cast iron guns ever produced and the most advanced muzzle loading ordnance of their day. muzzle
It concentrated thick walls of iron over the breech area where the high pressure of the burning powder was concentrated. The high pressure occured because of the great force needed to overcome the inerta of the projectiles which could weigh over one hundred pounds or more. As the projectile traveled down the bore, this pressure rapidly decreased. Admiral Dalghren discovered this by conducting tests on existing cannon by drilling holes at intervals from the breech to the muzzle and fitting them with pressure recording devices. He reasoned great weight was not needed towards the cannon muzzle because of the pressure drop. The resulting tube shape was dictated by the actual metal needed to hold the bore pressure. The result was the "soda bottle" shape seen on surviving examples. This allowed great savings in the weight of the cannon tube. This, coupled with radical casting methods, made the Dalghren tubes the strongest cast iron guns ever produced and the most advanced muzzle loading ordnance of their day. muzzle
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cast and cast crew round vidio
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