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Caesar fought a civil war against the forces of the senate, which opposed him, in the Great Roman Civil War, also known as Caesar's Civil War. After defeating these forces in the Battle of Pharsalus he replaced the senators who had died in that battle with his supporters. He also increased the size of the senate from 600 to 900 and filled the new posts with his supporters. Therefore, he gained control over the senate. However, there were still senators who were opposed to him and eventually some of them assassinated him.

More civil wars followed the death of Caesar and the last of one was a fight over who was to become the sole ruler of Rome between Octavian and Marc Antony. Octavian won and gained control of the legions of the Roman army, becoming the most powerful man. The senate could not challenge this power and reached two compromises (the First and Second Settlement) with Augustus (this is the name which is used for Octavian when he became the first roman emperor) which institutionalised his absolute rule, and turned the senate into an instrument of his power, while it giving a pretence that the senate was still an important political body.

A key difference between the Octavian/Augustus' relationship with the senate and that of Caesar was that Augustus had become even more powerful than Caesar had been. After Caesar's assassination Octavian, Marc Antony and Lepidus, the three leading Caesarians (supporters of Caesar) formed the Second Triumvirate (three-man alliance) which fought the forces which had been assembled by the assassins of Caesar. The triumvirate won and this eliminated the last military resistance to the Caesarians. When Octavian defeated Marc Antony in the last power struggle, he was the unopposed leader of the army.

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Evelyn Borer

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Q: How was Octavian relationship with the senate different from that of Julius Caesar?
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octavian/augustus.


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Did Julius Caesar was killed because he cheated on octavian's sisster with Cleopatra?

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What are some connections that Julius and agustus Caesar have?

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