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Based on the failed Peninsula campaign, President Lincoln sought new leadership in the Eastern Theater. He selected Major General John Pope to head the newly created Army of Virginia. To do this, forces from other sources were required. The merger of General Fremont's Mountain Department, General Bank's Department of the Shenandoah, and General McDowell's Department of the Rappahannock. To round out the new army, forces from General Sturgis's Military District of Washington. These sectors combined to form Pope's new army. President Lincoln had great hopes for this combination and he trusted General Pope much more than General McClellan.

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