by a printer
They didn't. The licences were expensive, unfair, and were required to be paid whether or not the miner found gold. The controversy over the mining licences was one of the causes of the Eureka Stockade.
As a protest against having to pay a monthly fee, even if unsuccessful, in a declining alluvial gold environment wher crushing rock was required and was limited to those able to provide the equipment.
The miners in the Eureka Stockade were primarily campaigning against the unexpected, unfair licence checks conducted by the troopers, or "traps" on a regular basis. Their other grievance was the high costs of licences, which had to paid whether or not the miners found gold.
This was the Eureka Stockade. For more information, see the related question.
The miner's licence was unfair to the diggers. It cost a monthly fee of 30 shillings and permitted the holder to work a 3.6 metre square "claim", which was a small area for the fee involved. Licences had to be paid regardless of whether a digger's claim resulted in the finding of any gold. Frequent licence hunts were conducted, during which the miners were ordered to produce proof of their licences, and troopers dealt harshly with offenders.
The main source of discontent for the miners at Ballarat was the miner's licence, which cost a monthly fee of 30 shillings and permitted the holder to work a 3.6 metre square "claim". Licences had to be paid regardless of whether a digger's claim resulted in the finding of any gold. Troopers (goldfields police) consucted frequent licence hunts, during which the miners were ordered to produce proof of their licences, and this added to the discontent and increasing unrest.
They took a stand against the authority about the unfair laws of mining eg: The cost of Licences etc Which is now known as the "Eureka Stockade"
the gold miners
The purpose of the conflict was for the miners to take a stand against the unfair licences imposed upon them, and the random licence checks. Miners who could not produce a current licence - which had to be renewed monthly - were subject to severe penalties. The miners built the Eureka Stockade from which they could conduct their protest. Unfortunately, it was seen as sedition, and soldiers were brought in, which resulted in a conflict that killed 23 diggers.
The licences were unreasonable, and caused considerable discontent. The miner's licence cost a monthly fee of 30 shillings and permitted the holder to work a 3.6 metre square "claim". Licences had to be paid regardless of whether a digger's claim resulted in the finding of any gold. Frequent licence hunts, during which the miners were ordered to produce proof of their licences, added to the increasing unrest. Troopers (police) tended to deal harshly with offenders.
No. Children were not required to have licences, as they could not stake a formal claim, or trade any gold they found. Children did not work the claims and the diggings: they only worked the mullock heaps.
in march 2009