They weren't. Medieval cities were ruled by a monarchy which has a King or Royal Family. You had to be born into Royalty or overthrow the King to be elected.
That is correct, Mayors of cities are elected by the people.
nothing
Most medieval people lived in rural areas rather than cities. The majority of the population was engaged in agriculture, working on farms and estates. Cities were relatively small and primarily served as trade and administrative centers, with a significant portion of the population being artisans and merchants. Overall, urban areas were not the primary residence for most people during the medieval period.
Guilds organized trade in medieval cities and towns.
yes
One point of view:As trade grew medieval cities became overcrowded and unsanitary.Another point of view:As trade grew, medieval cities became more important, more prosperous, and bigger.
nothing
Yes.
Yes.
Most medieval European cities were located in places that had easy access to water transportation. They were mostly either on rivers or at bays.
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