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The Himalayan orogeny and Tibetan uplift are a result of the tectonic forces which caused the separation of the Indian continent from the African continent, its movement toward Asia, and its collision with the Eurasian Plate.

First to collide were the leading edges of the continental shelves, where massive amounts of seafloor ocean sediments and sedimentary rock were being tilted and thrust upward. Evidence of this exists on the top of Mt. Everest, the world's highest peak above sea level, where there are ancient marine fossils in abundance.

Although this crashing of continents and uplifting are still occurring, the processes are not observable in human time perception. Plate movements occur at rates in the range of 1/2" to 6" per year, comparable to or slightly faster than fingernail growth. Eventually, the Indian Plate movement will slow and stop entirely, and the Himalayan Mountain Range will start to descend in height through erosive processes.

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Annabell Hickle

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