In humans, independent assortment occurs during meiosis, when the 23 pairs of chromosomes divide into 46 individual chromosomes, and 1 chromosome from each of the 23 pairs goes on to form a gamete (haploid cell) which can then be fertilised to produce offspring. The assortment is "independent" because each of the 23 chromosomes that go on to form a gamete can be from either chromosome within a "pair" - ie the 23 pairs of chromosomes are not linked together in any way when it comes to meiosis. This means that a large number of combinations of genetic material is possible - introducing a random result in the gamete.
It would increase diversity, allow genetic traits to spread throughout the population at a faster rate and therefore allow faster adaptation to changing circumstances.
Doubles it
Reducing the air pressure on the solution
No...? why would color affect ice. Color is a physical property.
If the reaction occurs in the gas phase
they contribute to biological evolution by how they've affected the evolution rate by increasing it or decreasing it
The "rate" of evolution is most accurately gauged in terms of divergence between genetic sequences. Chromosomes are basically groupings of such sequences. It is certainly possible that the number and order of these groupings affect future developments (for instance: polyploidy and chromosomal fusions can affect speciation events), but they do little to affect the overall "rate" of divergence.
The only way it would affect your heart rate is if you got excited or nervous, which would raise your heart rate.
A long generation time makes for a slow evolution rate, and a short generation time makes for a fast evolution rate.
A change in medium water to Gelatin would affect the rate of diffusion dramatically. The change from water to gelatin would slow down the rate of diffusion.
Evolution doesn't have a constant rate because it depends on environmental factors and reproduction frequency.
A long generation time makes for a slow evolution rate, and a short generation time makes for a fast evolution rate.
Doubles it
it does not
transpiration
if gases are involved in the reaction.
They will determine how the fertilization will occur. These can allow for some interesting changes to occur with the different plants.
Reducing the air pressure on the solution