"Bridging Worlds: The Power of Bilingualism"
There are two main types of bilingualism: compound bilingualism, where a person acquires two languages simultaneously and uses them together in the same contexts, and coordinate bilingualism, where a person acquires two languages at different times and uses them in different contexts.
The noun form of the adjective bilingual is bilingualism.
Some opponents of bilingualism argue that it can lead to a lack of proficiency in one language, confusion, and a divided sense of identity within individuals. They also believe that promoting bilingualism can be costly to implement in educational and workplace settings.
Some of the criticisms of official bilingualism include concerns about the cost of implementing and maintaining bilingual services, the perceived privileging of English and French over other languages, and challenges in achieving true bilingualism in practice due to variations in language proficiency across regions. Additionally, some critics argue that official bilingualism may contribute to the marginalization of minority language speakers.
If by this, you mean how bilingualism occurs in children, it is basically through the child being spoken to in their mother tongue by relatives/friends and then, through school, being taught the national or curricular language. In India for example, the home language could be Marathi, a very common language for the Hindu population. But at school, they would also be taught English and then Hindi, both official government languages of India.
Kenji Hakuta has written: 'Testing English-Language Learners in U.S. Schools' 'Cognitive development of bilingual children' -- subject(s): Bilingualism in children, Cognition in children 'Mirror of language' -- subject(s): Bilingualism, Language acquisition
James Patrick Cummins has written: 'Bilingualism and special education' -- subject(s): Bilingualism, Children of minorities, Education, Testing, Learning disabilities
Virginie Raguenaud has written: 'Bilingual by choice' -- subject(s): Child development, Language acquisition, Child rearing, Bilingualism in children, Multilingualism in children 'Bilingual by choice' -- subject(s): Child development, Language acquisition, Child rearing, Bilingualism in children, Multilingualism in children
Una Cunningham-Andersson has written: 'Growing up with two languages' 'Growing up with two languages' -- subject(s): Parenting, Bilingualism in children 'Growing up with two languages' -- subject(s): Parenting, Bilingualism in children
"Bridging Worlds: The Power of Bilingualism"
Annick De Houwer has written: 'Bilingual first language acquisition' -- subject(s): Bilingualism, Language acquisition 'Two at a time' -- subject(s): Bilingualism in children, Language acquisition
Bilingualism is an enriching phenomenon and not a debilitating phenomenon.
International Journal of Bilingualism was created in 1997.
One can find information on bilingualism in education in several places. It is dependent on what languages one is talking about. To find information on bilingualism in education in Canada, regarding the French and English languages, one would contact the school boards directly.
Yes, Bilingualism is crucial for the development of Philippine Tourism because if we use two languages or the bilingualism, it would be more appropriate and accurate that everyone would understand each other when speaking. The use of the international language, English, is crucial in terms of communication worldwide. So if the foreigners would come here in the Philippines, it would be easier to us to interact with them because of the use of bilingual.
Robert Rogers Galvan has written: 'Bilingualism as it relates to intelligence test scores and school achievement among culturally deprived Spanish-American children' -- subject(s): Academic achievement, Bilingualism, Education, Educational tests and measurements, Hispanic American children, Intelligence levels, Intelligence tests, Latin Americans, Socially handicapped children