by 1900
mercantilism was eventually replaced by capitalism
Marx was opposed to capitalism, and wanted it replaced by a classless Socialist society.
It replaced feudalism with capitalism.
Socialists generally feel capitalism is an outdated form of organizing an economy that needs to be replaced by a socialist economic system.Capitalism leads to inequality among citizens.
Sort of. Mercantilism was in some ways a form of a more primitive capitalism, though important differences between the two justifies distinguishing between them and treating them separately to a limited extent.
Karl Marx argued that capitalism was doomed due to its inherent contradictions, particularly the conflict between the bourgeoisie (capital owners) and the proletariat (workers). He believed that capitalism would lead to increasing inequality, exploitation, and alienation, ultimately resulting in class struggle. This struggle would culminate in a proletarian revolution, overthrowing capitalism and establishing a classless society. Thus, Marx viewed capitalism as unsustainable in the long term, destined to be replaced by socialism and communism.
It is perfectly true that no economic system has ever been as successful as capitalism. Because capitalism is able to appeal to everybody's self interest, rather than to their sense of public spirit, it is very persuasive. But even so, we don't really know that it will never be replaced. Never is (as they say) a long time. The needs of the human race could change a lot over the next billion years. Perhaps in some technologically advanced future, something new will emerge.
Communism (a classless stateless society based on production for use) has never existed and so cannot be replaced by anything.
Critics of capitalism pointed to the reoccurring trait that capitalism causes an unfair division between the working class & the privileged, as well as the replacement of humans with machines and technology. This problem has seemed to only have gotten worse over the years as now certain jobs have been eliminated entirely and replaced by automotive systems/machinery that can do the job for cheaper and more efficiently.
Yes, capitalism emerged as a dominant economic theory that replaced mercantilism, particularly during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Unlike mercantilism, which emphasized government intervention and regulation to control trade and accumulate wealth, capitalism advocates for free markets, competition, and minimal government interference in economic activities. This shift allowed for greater innovation and efficiency in industry, promoting individual entrepreneurship and the belief that the free market could better allocate resources.
In no way imaginable. Marxism is a political and economic philosophy that seeks to understand society and how to change it, it has an appreciation for the historically progressive role that capitalism has played in the past but Marxism sees capitalism as being just another exploitative system in the long rum that will one day collapse and will need to be replaced with socialism.
The economic system replacing communism in the former Soviet countries is primarily capitalism, with varying degrees of market liberalization and privatization. These countries have transitioned from centrally planned economies to market-based economies, allowing for private ownership of businesses, competition, and market forces to determine prices and production. However, the extent and success of this transition vary among different countries in the region.