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If the plasmid has 3 recognition sequences for a given restriction endonuclease, then 4 linear DNA fragments are obtained because, if the DNA is linear then the number of fragments obtained is (N+1) whereas if the DNA is circular then the number of fragments obtained will be N for N recognition sequences for the given restriction endonuclease in a plasmid.

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nicky vages

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An enzyme that cuts double-stranded DNA at specific nucleotide sequences?

Such an enzyme is called a restriction endonuclease


What is the simple rule relating the number of fragments to the number of restriction sites presents on the linear DNA molecule?

The number of fragments generated by restriction enzyme digestion of a linear DNA molecule is equal to the number of restriction sites present plus one. This is because each restriction site results in the cutting of the DNA molecule into two fragments.


How do tandemly arranged repeats affect the lengths of restriction fragments?

Tandemly arranged repeats can affect the lengths of restriction fragments by creating regions of DNA that are more susceptible to cleavage by restriction enzymes. When a restriction enzyme recognizes and cuts within these repeats, it can produce fragments of varying lengths due to the repetitive nature of the sequence. This can result in a complex pattern of fragments on a gel during restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, making it challenging to accurately determine the sizes of the fragments.


What does a restriction enzyme do in the process of DNA manipulation?

A restriction enzyme is a protein that cuts DNA at specific sequences, allowing scientists to manipulate and study DNA by cutting it into smaller fragments.


Which enzyme is used to produce RFLPs?

Restriction enzymes.


Why ligation can be considered the reverse of the restriction enzyme process?

Restriction enzymes cuts out a specific short nucleotide sequence while as the process of ligation, DNA ligase joins them together. So ligase can be considered the reverse of the restriction enzyme process as it joins DNA fragments together instead of cutting them out.


What enzyme forms covalent bonds between restriction fragments?

DNA ligase forms covalent bonds between restriction fragments by catalyzing the formation of phosphodiester bonds between the sugar-phosphate backbones of adjacent DNA fragments.


What are the considerations for designing DNA fragments with restriction enzyme compatible ends for successful cloning?

When designing DNA fragments for cloning, it is important to choose restriction enzymes that will create compatible ends on the DNA fragments. This means selecting enzymes that produce complementary overhangs, or "sticky ends," which will allow the fragments to easily bind together during the cloning process. Additionally, it is crucial to consider the size and sequence of the DNA fragments to ensure successful cloning.


Based on restriction maps of plasmid determine the number of DNA fragments and sizes of the fragments?

Plasmids are circular pieces of DNA, so the number of fragments equals the number of cuts from the restriction enzymes. You can easily see this if you start with one restriction enzyme that cuts the plasmid in only one place. Cutting the circle in one place yields you only one fragment. If the restriction cuts in two places, you end up with two fragments; with three places, three fragments, etc. With linear chromosomes, the situation is different. Cutting a linear chromosome in one place yields two fragments, cutting in two places yields three fragments, etc. So the number of fragments is always one more than the number of cuts. A restriction map of a plasmid will show all of the cuts the restriction enzymes made. Each cut is labeled with the enzyme that made it. One can count the spaces between cuts to determine the number of fragments that are produced. Restriction maps usually (but not always) also show the size of each fragment.


Why might different alleles of the same gene produce different fragments when treated with the same restriction enzyme?

Well..... It is quite simple. if you take the square of the number of alleles and then times that by the smaller of the height of the triangle you should get your answer.


What are enzymes cutting DNA at specific sites to form restriction fragments called?

Enzymes that cut DNA at specific sites to form restriction fragments are called restriction endonucleases or restriction enzymes. These enzymes recognize specific DNA sequences and cleave the DNA at or near these sequences, generating DNA fragments with defined ends.


Does a restriction enzyme generate the same size fragments in genomic DNA of different species?

No, restriction enzymes do not always generate the same size fragments in genomic DNA of different species. The specific DNA sequences recognized by the enzyme and the distribution of those sequences in the genome will determine the size and distribution of the fragments produced. Differences in genome size, organization, and sequence between species will result in variation in fragment sizes.