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There are two ways. The first is that if there is starlight behind the black hole we will see its event horizon as a completely black sphere. Light passing near the event horizon is bent, producing a severely distorted image of anything behind the black hole. This effect would only be noticeable once you get very close to the black hole.

All black holes we have found have been detected indirectly. If a large amount of matter falls into a black hole it will become extremely hot and will emit light and x-rays, which can escape the gravity so long as the material has not crossed the event horizon. Matter that does not fall into the black hole is ejected in two beams of matter at near the speed of light.

In a few cases we have also detected objects in orbit around black holes.

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9y ago

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