When you get cold the body routes blood away from the skin and into the core of the body instead. With less red blood in the skin it will look paler.
Hypochromia (as in hypochromic anemia) is the medical term meaning deficiency in hemoglobin.
ABG (Arterial Blood Gases) is a measurement of oxygen saturation in the arterial blood which supplies oxygenated blood to the body tissue and the extraction of oxygen from the hemoglobin at the capillary level. The amount of oxygen saturation of the hemoglobin (HbO2) depends on hemoglobin concentration and the arterial pressure often referred to as Hemoglobin / O2 dissociation curve. At lower body temperature, less oxygen is bounded to hemoglobin, while at higher temperature slightly more oxygen is bounded to hemoglobin. It is therefore important to know the body temperature when the ABG analysis is done so as to have a more meaningful interpretation of the result.
Your face turns pale when you are cold because the body is trying to adapt and survive (keep itself alive) with the threat of freezing to death. The way your body combats this is to slow or restrict the circulation of blood to non-essential parts of your body in order to keep the most important parts warm and functioning. Like diverting more blood from your face, hands and feet to your heart, brain and inner core. Less blood circulating in your face and hands mean they turn pale.
I think you mean "hemoglobin"? It is the molecule in blood which transports the oxygen to the rest of the body. In other words, its like a car that gets the oxygen from home (the air you breathe) to work (nourishing your cells in your body) so it can do its job and keep us alive. Each hemoglobin molecule can only carry four oxygen molecules, so when your hemoglobin count is low, you are carrying less oxygen around to your body.
Oxygen is less soluble in water at higher temperatures. While the primary transport mechanism for oxygen in the blood is hemoglobin and not water, it is still true that the oxygen has to pass from the hemoglobin into the various fluids of the body in order to be accessible to the cells for metabolism.
disorder due to less hemoglobin
Iron is a main part of hemoglobin, which is a protein in your red blood cells. Red blood cells carry oxygen to the body, and oxygen binds to the iron that is in the hemoglobin. Therefore having low iron can make it harder for your body to make red blood cells and less oxygen will be carried to your body, causing fatigue and other problems.
Elephants need less energy because less of their body is exposeded to the cold
Subcutaneous tissue or the hypodermis contains adipose tissues or fats. One of its functions is to insulate (thermal insulation) the body or provides some insulation from cold. Thermal insulation is the reduction of the effects of the various processes of heat transfer between objects in thermal contact. So, subcutaneous serves as the clothing of the human body to maintain the temperature or protection from the cold environment.
women have less body fat than men and they love to whine about being cold too.
internal respiration