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Sometimes frequency is not in terms of Hertz (Hz) ,CYCLES PER SECOND, but instead it is expressed as RADIANS PER SECOND, which is angular frequency. Therefore a conversion factor must be used, which is 'h-bar' Recall the following ---------------------------- h-bar = h/(2*pi) where h is Planck's constant angular frequency, ω = 2*pi*ν where ν is frequency in Hertz. ---------------------------- So lets take Planck's relation: Energy (E) = Planck's Constant (h) * frequency( ν ) E = h * ν 1) If the frequency ( ν ) is in Hz, then just looking at the units, Planck's relation becomes E = h * ν = ( J-s ) * (1/s) = J ---> Expected unit for energy: Joule 2) If the frequency ( ν ) is in Radians per second, h must have a conversion factor to accommodate angular frequency. Again, if we look at Planck's relation using angular frequency, ω = 2*pi*ν E = h * ω = ( J-s) * [ (2*pi)/s ] = J * 2*pi ---> Not the expected unit for energy So we must use a reduced Planck constant, h-bar = h/2*pi to obtain Joules E = h * ω = [( J-s)/(2*pi)] * [ (2*pi)/s ) = J ---> Expected unit for energy: Joule
A diagnosis of the cause and/or relief from accumulated fluid pressure are the expected results.
The balloon
Example sentence - The rifle has more recoil than I expected.
The decibel A filter is widely used. dBA roughly corresponds to the inverse of the40 dB curve at 1 kHz equal-loudness curve for the human hearing.An A curve always provides for "nice" values when low frequency noise signals are included. An A filter of a measured motorcycle noise must show untrue values. You should know that. From a dBA measurement no accurate description of the expected volume is possible.
The maximum likelihood estimate under the null hypothesis gives the best estimate for expected frequencies.
For goodness of fit test using Chisquare test, Expected frequency = Total number of observations * theoretical probability specified or Expected frequency = Total number of observations / Number of categories if theoretical frequencies are not given. For contingency tables (test for independence) Expected frequency = (Row total * Column total) / Grand total for each cell
F = 1-observed frequency(Aa)/expected frequency(Aa)
Expected frequencies are used in a chi-squared "goodness-of-fit" test. there is a hypothesis that is being tested and, under that hypothesis, the random variable would have a certain distribution. The expected frequency for a "cell" is the number of observations that you would expect to find in that cell if the hypothesis were true.
For a chi-square test there is a null hypothesis which describes some distribution for the variable that is being tested. The expected frequency for a particular cell is the number of observations that would be expected in that cell if the null hypothesis were true.
When the frequency is less than expected.
This is concerned with frequency. Can be used to test whether the observed frequencies in a particular case differ significantly from those which would be expected in the null hypothesis. source: analysis related lectures
You first decide on a null hypothesis. Expected frequencies are calculated on the basis of the null hypothesis, that is, assuming that the null hypothesis is true.
The expected number of valence electrons for a group 3 A element is 5 number of valence electrons.
It is the number of observations that might be expected for a particular category if the [null] hypothesis that is being tested is true.
You need to know the probability of the event in question. Then the expected frequency for that event occurring is that probability times the number of times the experiment was repeated.
reasons why children development is not following expected patterns