This would likely fall under double jeopardy.
No, It's possession of a narcotic paraphernalia
Yes, you are in possession of "Implements of Crime, and the amount of the 'residue' is important also.
Usually it is a "paraphernalia" arrest - BUT - it might depend on how much residue was in the pipe when it was seized.
Both are minor misdemeanor charges unless there was useable residue on the paraphernalia. Then it would depend on the laws of your particular state what the charge might be.
Yes, it would be PC (probable cause) to search your vehicle for drugs and paraphernalia and, if the amount was large enough, get you arrested for "possession."
If I understand the question correctly - - the questioner was in someone else's car. The police found paraphernalia (and presumably residue) in the car - and the questioner is claiming innocence due to no knowledge of it. If that's correct - - Yes. If the paraphernalia is within the passenger compartment of the car and in an area reachable by the occupants, the passenger can still be charged. it is known as "concurrent possession."
It would be considered possession of drug paraphernalia and possession of a controlled substance if they can scrape out even the slightest amount of residue (any amount that can be measured--and they have scales that can measure amounts less than 0.0001 grams).
In Alabama, the issue is well settled. A razor blade with cocaine residue and a plastic sandwich bag containing an amount of white residue so minuscule that the residue could not be tested was found to be sufficient to sustain a conviction. Walters v. State, 585 So.2d 206 (Ala.Crim.App.1991).
In some states just having the pipe is an arrestable offense. No matter if it has residue or not.
That is the residue from the Big Bang.That is the residue from the Big Bang.That is the residue from the Big Bang.That is the residue from the Big Bang.
What is refinery residue
Salt (NaCl) is not a residue.