No.
An employer can fire you for numerous reasons. If your employer is firing you for a pending court case, he/she should be aware that this is as yet an unproven allegation. However, your employer may be letting you go because of the negative publicity or image the company has suffered. If the case involves wistle blowing, (turning the employer in for violations of the law) they may not seek punitive action against you, otherwise, you could be in trouble.
if you are not in a 'right to work' state and they have cause, yes they can.
No, a pending charge is not a conviction. However, you will want to mention the charge to the potential employer in some context. They will find out about it, and it is best that you be up front about it.
An employer can rescind a job offer for any reason it wishes. If you have incurred dollar damages you can prove - like moving costs - you can sue. You lose if you withheld from employer anything that would reasonably lead employer not to make the offer. Like a criminal conviction.
Speaking from experience, if the discharge of bankruptcy is pending, a credit check may not pass, however, having discharged voluntarily from bankruptcy may have the same result depending on the policy of the employer or financial institution.
pending
Unless your job is protected by a labor contract or you have a private employment contract in place with your employer, probably yes. Especially if you reside and work in a "right to work" state.
Pending-b/o
The warrant is pending
None. You have no right to any information unless you are a union employee, in which case the union contract may cover this issue. You'd have to read the contract.
Peeding is not a word. Did you mean 'pending'? Pending: in the period before the decision or conclusion of; during: pending the negotiations.
Sales of the drug have been stopped, pending further research. He was released on bail pending further inquiries. An election is pending in Italy. A growing number of customers have been inquiring about the pending price rises.