It will depend very much on your local supply company. You will be supplying to the local system at your house voltage (unless you are going in for a fully commercial supply) so you are not going straight to the grid in any case. The local company would certainly want to know what you are doing, for safety reasons. Suppose they had isolated your house supply for work, and you connected your generator at that time, you would make the house supply live again and endanger workers on the lines, so you have to be controlled.
Electric supply is related to the National Grid in that the National Grid is composed of many supply lines that direct electricity to the National Grid, and this in turn powers the country.
Water behind a dam falls through a turbine, causing the turbine to spin, the turbine spins a large electric alternator (AC generator), the generator produces electricity which is delivered to the power grid.
A chinese diesel generator is the combination of a diesel engine with an electrical generator (often called an alternator) to generate electric energy. Diesel generating sets are used in places without connection to the power grid or as emergency power-supply if the grid fails. A Chinese generator is pretty much the same as a regular generator. Besides the fact that it is made in China there isn't a big difference in how they function.
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Nuclear fuel - uranium - gets hot and brings water to boil. The steam makes a turbine spin, and the turbine makes an electric generator spin. Electricity from the generator is fed out onto the grid and into peoples homes.
The power grid, some may have a back-up generator for power outages.
The fission energy of a nuclear reactor is heat. It makes steam which runs a turbine electric generator. The electricity is put on the power grid and is sent to the load.
Electrical generators produce electric power, and generators solve the problem of production. We use electricity in countless ways, and we need to access some kind of generator if we can't directly access the power grid.
Turbine is only a device that is rotating when a fluid (water, air, steam,...) flows through it. It is attached to a generator, that generates (as a name implies) electricity when being turned. Generator can be an ordinary 3-phase electric motor: if it is connected to electricity, it rotates (converting electrical energy to mechanical), if you rotate it, it generates electricity. 3-phase motors only rotate as fast as the frequency of the grid determines (e.g. 50 Hz = 50 x 60 s = 3000 rpm, 60 Hz - 3600 rpm; it is a bit less due to reactive power, but let's keep it simple). When working as generator, the turbine is constantly "trying" to rotate generator faster than its normal speed, and the motor is resisting it by pushing electricity back into the grid. If the generator is not connected to the grid, one has to control the speed of the turbine (since the generator does not know how fast it should rotate).
A nuclear power plant is just a steam powered electric generator with the water heated by radioactive components. The electricity travels over the power grid to the end users.
Storing energy is difficult and mains electricity is no exception. Most mains energy is generated at the moment it is used. Enough generators have to be kept on line to supply the demand at every moment. To achieve this engineers are continuously monitoring the power supply to make that supply is matched to the demand. When an extra load is put on the grid, there is usually enough kinetic energy stored in the rotating parts of the generators to supply the short-term demand. When the generator slows momentarily, the controller will call up more steam from the boilers to supply the shortfall. Contracts for supplying electric power to the UK grid are negotiated in 30-second slots all the time.
Wind turbines. They're like big propellers that the wind moves (instead of the other way around). The turbine turns the armature inside a generator. The electricity produced is fed into the electric grid.