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In FAT 16 if a file contains fewer than 2048 bytes the remaining bytes in the cluster make up space which is called?
Slack
What is the cluster size in fat 32?
In FAT32, the cluster size can vary depending on the size of the volume. It typically ranges from 512 bytes to 32 kilobytes (KB). For volumes larger than 32 MB, common cluster sizes include 4 KB, 8 KB, 16 KB, or 32 KB. The choice of cluster size can affect the efficiency of storage space usage and the performance of file access.
What is the default cluster size setting when formatting a Windows NTFS partition on a hard disk drive larger than 2 GB?
The following table shows the default values that Windows XP uses for NTFS formatting. Drive size(logical volume) Cluster size Sectors----------------------------------------------------------512 MB or less 512 bytes 1513 MB - 1,024 MB (1 GB) 1,024 bytes (1 KB) 21,025 MB - 2,048 MB (2 GB) 2,048 bytes (2 KB) 42,049 MB and larger 4,096 bytes (4 KB) 8The maximum default cluster size under Windows XP is 4 kilobytes (KB) because NTFS file compression is not possible on drives with a larger allocation size. The Format utility never uses clusters that are larger than 4 KB unless you specifically override that default either by using the /A: option for command-line formatting or by specifying a larger cluster size in the Format dialog box in Disk Management.If you use the Convert utility to convert a volume from FAT to NTFS, Windows always uses a 512-byte cluster size. FAT structures are aligned on 512-byte boundaries; a larger cluster size does not allow conversion. Note also that in Microsoft Windows NT 4.0 and earlier, when a partition is formatted under Windows Setup, the partition is first formatted as FAT and then converted to NTFS. Therefore the cluster size is always 512 bytes when a partition is formatted in Setup. (This information does not apply to Microsoft Windows 2000 Setup or Windows XP Setup, which both format the partition according to your choice of a file system.)
What is the default cluster size in setting when formatting a Windows NTFS partition on a hard disk larger than 2 GB?
The following table shows the default values that Windows XP uses for NTFS formatting. Drive size(logical volume) Cluster size Sectors----------------------------------------------------------512 MB or less 512 bytes 1513 MB - 1,024 MB (1 GB) 1,024 bytes (1 KB) 21,025 MB - 2,048 MB (2 GB) 2,048 bytes (2 KB) 42,049 MB and larger 4,096 bytes (4 KB) 8The maximum default cluster size under Windows XP is 4 kilobytes (KB) because NTFS file compression is not possible on drives with a larger allocation size. The Format utility never uses clusters that are larger than 4 KB unless you specifically override that default either by using the /A: option for command-line formatting or by specifying a larger cluster size in the Format dialog box in Disk Management.If you use the Convert utility to convert a volume from FAT to NTFS, Windows always uses a 512-byte cluster size. FAT structures are aligned on 512-byte boundaries; a larger cluster size does not allow conversion. Note also that in Microsoft Windows NT 4.0 and earlier, when a partition is formatted under Windows Setup, the partition is first formatted as FAT and then converted to NTFS. Therefore the cluster size is always 512 bytes when a partition is formatted in Setup. (This information does not apply to Microsoft Windows 2000 Setup or Windows XP Setup, which both format the partition according to your choice of a file system.)
What exactly is a cluster as a unit of computer disk space?
As described here, the smallest unit of space on the hard disk that any software can access is the sector, which contains 512 bytes. It is possible to have an allocation system for the disk where each file is assigned as many individual sectors as it needs. For example, a 1 MB file would require approximately 2,048 individual sectors to store its data. Under the FAT file system (and in fact, most file systems) individual sectors are not used. There are several performance reasons for this. It can get cumbersome to manage the disk when files are broken into 512-byte pieces. A 2 GB disk volume using 512 byte sectors managed individually would contain over 4 million individual sectors, and keeping track of this many pieces of information is time- and resource-consuming. Some operating systems do allocate space to files by the sector, but they require some advanced intelligence to do this properly. FAT was designed many years ago and is a simple file system, and is not capable of managing individual sectors. What FAT does instead is to group sectors into larger blocks that are called clusters, or allocation units. The cluster size is determined primarily by the size of the disk volume: generally speaking, larger volumes use larger cluster sizes. For hard disk volumes, each cluster ranges in size from 4 sectors (2,048 bytes) to 64 sectors (32,768 bytes). Floppy disks use much smaller clusters, and in some cases use a cluster of size of just 1 sector. The sectors in a cluster are continuous, so each cluster is a continuous block of space on the disk. Cluster sizing (and hence partition or volume size, since they are directly related) has an important impact on performance and disk utilization. The cluster size is determined when the disk volume is partitioned. Certain utilities (like Partition Magic) can alter the cluster size of an existing partition (within limits) but for the mostpart, once the partition size is selected it is fixed. Every file must be allocated an integer number of clusters--a cluster is the smallest unit of disk space that can be allocated to a file, which is why clusters are often called allocation units. This means that if a volume uses clusters that contain 8,192 bytes, an 8,000 byte file uses one cluster (8,192 bytes on the disk) but a 9,000 byte file uses two clusters (16,384 bytes on the disk). This is why cluster size is so important in making sure you maximize the efficient use of the disk--larger cluster sizes result in more wasted space. answer courtesy of: storageview.com (author Charles M. Kozierok)Author
When delete file what happen to chain of cluster in FAT?
Deletes
What is the difference between a cross-linked cluster and a lost cluster?
Oh, dude, a cross-linked cluster is like when your files are all holding hands and connected in a tight group, while a lost cluster is like that one file that wandered off and can't find its way back home. It's basically a cluster of files that went MIA in the digital world. So, yeah, one's all cozy and linked, and the other's just lost in cyberspace.
What is maxium for FAT 16?
The question is very general, but the Maxium file size in FAT16 is 4096 bytes.
Will windows automatically select the best allocation unit size when formatting a floppy disk?
Yes. Windows will select the correct allocation unit size according to the disk's capacity. A 1.44 MB disk will use one sector per cluster while a 2.88 MB disk will use 2 sectors per cluster. Short of using a disk sector editor there's no way to change this, but even if you did you'd render the disk unreadable.Under Windows, all floppy disks are formatted according to the FAT12 specification. Hard disks and flash drives are typically formatted to the FAT32 or NTFS specifications. To support any other specifications besides FAT or NTFS you will need a suitable driver installed, however it's not recommended for normal use since non-standard formats are unreadable on other systems unless the appropriate driver is present on those systems.FAT is an abbreviation of File allocation Table. The number (12, 16 or 32) simly determines how many bits are used to address clusters. FAT12 is therefore a 12-bit file allocation system, and is used by Windows to format floppy disks. The sectors on a floppy disk are fixed at 512 bytes and the allocation unit size simply determines how many sectors there are per cluster. A cluster is the minimum unit of storage. As such there can only be one file per cluster but a file may occupy one or more clusters. Any unused bytes in the final cluster of a file are wasted bytes, so the smaller the cluster size the better.A 1.44 MB disk uses an allocation unit size of 1 sector per cluster which is the minimum possible. Any file that is not an exact multiple of 512 bytes will therefore waste anything from 1 to 511 bytes (inclusive) in the final cluster. A 2.88 MB disk uses 2 sectors per cluster, so files must be an exact multiple of 1024 bytes to minimise wastage. Hard disks are typically much larger than floppy disks so they not only use much larger clusters they require more bits to address them.A 12-bit addressing system can address 4096 clusters in total. However, 33 sectors are reserved so the actual number of sectors for storage can be no more than 4063. This means that you can have no more than 4063 individual files or folders on a floppy disk. However, the more sectors per cluster, the fewer files you can physically store. In reality, the limit is much lower than this. A 1.44 MB disk has an overall capacity of 1,457,664 bytes so at 512 bytes per sector, that equates to just 2847 sectors in total, 33 of which are reserved, leaving 2814 sectors for actual storage.The boot sector (sector 0) stores the basic disk geometry:Bytes 0 to 10 are ignored.Bytes 11 and 12 store the bytes per sector (512)Byte 13 stores the number of sectors per cluster (1 for 1.44 MB floppy, 2 for 2.88 MB floppy)Byte 14 and 15 store the number of reserved sectors (32)Byte 16 stores the number of FATs (2)Bytes 17 and 18 store the maximum number of root directory entriesBytes 19 and 20 store the total sector countByte 21 is ignoredBytes 22 and 23 store the number of sectors per FATBytes 24 and 25 store the sectors per trackBytes 26 and 27 store the number of headsBytes 28 to 31 are ignoredBytes 32 to 35 store the total sector count for FAT32 (0 for FAT12)Bytes 36 and 37 are ignored.Byte 38 stores the boot signatureByte 39 to 42 store volume identifierByte 43 to 53 store the volume labelByte 54 to 61 store the file system type as a character array (e.g., "FAT12", information use only)Bytes 62 and beyond are ignoredSectors 1 to 9 hold the primary FAT while 10 to 18 hold the secondary FAT. The secondary FAT provides a backup of the FAT.Sectors 19 to 32 store the root directory. Each sector can hold 16 entries of 32 bytes each. The number of entries consumed is determined by bytes 17 and 18 in the boot sector.Sector 33 marks the start of the actual data. Logically, this is cluster 0.The FAT is simply a directory of clusters. FAT entries 0 and 1 are reserved so FAT entry 2 represents logical cluster 0 (starting at physical sector 33).The root directory (which always exists) stores the root file entries, each of which holds a file's name, its timestamps (created, modified and accessed times), file size, file attributes (read-only, system, archive, hidden or directory) and the logical start cluster. Directories always have the directory attribute while files do not. Other than that both files and folders are treated exactly the same.The logical start cluster determines where the file (or directory) physically starts. However, as files are created, modified and destroyed, the files can become fragmented, so the cluster that immediately follows the start cluster needn't necessarily be the next cluster for that file. To keep track of which files are using which clusters and in which order, the FAT entry for the start cluster will point to the next cluster, and it will point to the next, and so on, thus creating a daisy chain of clusters. By de-fragging drives, you not only ensure files occupy contiguous clusters but also that the chain of FAT entries is also contiguous. This reduces head movement and thus improves performance.FAT values in the range 0xFF0 to 0xFFF are reserved. In particular, 0xFF7 is used to mark bad clusters. These are detected when the disk is formatted (unless you use quick format) or when you run a disk diagnostic program such as SCANDISK or CHKDISK. You can attempt to recover bad clusters to make them usable again but once a cluster is marked bad it's reliability is questionable at best.FAT entries in the range 0xFF8 through 0xFFF are used to mark the final cluster of a file. As mentioned previously, if the file doesn't fully occupy the final cluster the unused bytes are wasted since no two files can share the same cluster.
What is the fat from meat called?
Fat from meat is called lard
What is whale fat called?
Whale fat is called, "Blubber".
What is the file size limit for a single in FAT and FAT32 and NTFS?
It's 2 GB for FAT, 4 GB for FAT32 and (2^64 (2 to 64-th power) - 1024) bytes for NTFS
