32-bit
Number 0 is used at the end of an IPv4 address for network identifiers and number 255 is used at end of an IPv4 for broadcast addresses.
The address space of IPV4 is limited to 4294967296 possible unique addresses.
Each IP address must be unique within the local network.
The two distinguished Internet Protocols are Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) and Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6). IPv4, which uses a 32-bit address space, allows for approximately 4.3 billion unique addresses, but is limited in scalability due to the growing number of devices connecting to the Internet. IPv6, on the other hand, utilizes a 128-bit address space, enabling a virtually limitless number of unique addresses, thus addressing the limitations of IPv4 and providing improved routing and security features.
32 bits in a IPv4 address
While IPv6 is based on IPv4, it is superior. The main characteristic that shows its enhancement over IPv4 is that it processes faster.
Well IPv4 is actually just part of the protocol TCP/IP or Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol. IPv4 is the current addressing scheme used by TCP/IP. The newer IPv6 has been rolling out to eventually replace IPv4. Back to what it is… IPv4 is a 32 bit binary addressing scheme by which every computer on the public Internet (most commonly HTTP) or web servers must be assigned a unique address. The address format is comprised of four sets of 8 bit numbers, more commonly referred to as an octet. So 4 * 8 binary numbers give you a 32 bit IPv4 binary address. Because these numbers are binary each place value only has two possibilities, 0 or 1. Because there are only around 4.3 billion addresses available with 2^32 possible IPv4 addresses a new IPv6 was developed which gives a 128 bit addresses space. This should last until there is no room to stand anywhere on the planet. To summarize IPv4 is not a protocol but an addressing scheme that TCP/IP uses to transmit data packets over the Internet or over a private network. Every computer that is directly connected to the Internet needs a unique address. There are what is known as private IPv4 addresses, different topic, and finally IPv4 will eventually be replaced by IPv6.
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DNS - it handles both IpV4 and IPv6 addressing.
The hardware address or MAC address is encoded on the NIC by the manufacturer for unique identification of the NIC. This cannot be changed.... The IPv4 address is an internet address usually assigned by a DHCP server for each computer on a network. This address can be changed.
The IPv6 equivalent of the IPv4 loopback address 127.0.0.1 is ::1. This address is used to refer to the local host in IPv6, similar to how 127.0.0.1 functions in IPv4. The "::" notation represents a shorthand for consecutive blocks of zeros in IPv6 addressing.
IPV4 is a kind of IP Address.